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Chapter 3 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - DAF workers were strictly controlled
      - Government permission needed to leave job
      - All workers must join DAF or German Work Front
      - Wages were kept low
      - Trade unions were banned
    - - Beauty of Labour
        
        Washing facilities
        
        Low-cost canteens
        
        Improve working conditions
      - DAF set up schemes
        
        Sports events
        
        Cheap theatre tickets
    - - Crucial industries were subsidised from 1934
      - Increase in production of important goods such as oil
      - Incomes of comapanies producing war materials boosted by rearmament
      - Aim to make Germany self-sufficient
      - Nazis power and influence strengthened from big businesses’ donations
    - - More public works like building of roads
      - Creation of Reich Labour Service to reduce unemployment
      - Massive unemployment
    - - Established German air force (Luftwaffe)
      - Boosted economy and provided jobs
      - Conscription for army in 1935
  - - - Gestapo
        
        Has power to detain without trial
        
        Tortured, murdered, blackmailed to stifle opposition
        
        Remove threats to Nazi Party and Nazi State
        
        Nazi’s secret police
      - Schutz-Staffel
        
        Made up of elite Aryans
        
        Responsible for concentration camps
        
        Nazi’s personal armed forces
        
        Destroy enemies and carry out racial policies
    - - Germans were portrayed as honest and hardworking
      - Holocaust during WWII
        
        ‘Final Solution’ in January 1942 was to kill all Jews
        
        Mass killings of Jews in Death camps
        
        Sent to concentration camps and cruel experiments performed
        
        Death marches, gassed and worked to death
        
        One-third of Jewish population was killed after WWII
      - Jews were portrayed as evil and coward
      - Other minorities
        
        Gypsies, homosexuals, handicapped and disabled
        
        Viewed as social parasites and threat to Aryans
        
        Laws to control, arrest and sterilised them
      - Jews were blamed for Germany’s problems
    - - Reich Chamber of Commerce established in 1933
        
        Strict control over German’s read, watch and listen
        
        Only members can produce any music, films etc.
      - Suppression of hostile informations
      - Filter of existing informations
        
        Control of radio stations
        
        Loudspeakers in public places
        
        Close down of anti-Nazis newspaper
        
        Listening to foreign channels might die
        
        Ransacked and burnt library books
    - - Should not dye or perm hair
      - Should not go on slimming diets
      - Should not wear high heels
      - Confined to mother and spouse roles
      - Should not wear makeup
      - Discouraged university studies
      - Young girls to train in domestic tasks
      - Should not wear trousers
      - Should not work for living
    - - Use of media
        
        Spread Hitler being Germany’s ‘saviour’
        
        Loyalty to Nazi rule and Hitler
        
        Stir up anti-Semitism
        
        Convince Germans Hitler would lead a bright future
      - Other publicities
        
        Posters
        
        Rallies
        
        Public meetings
        
        Films
      - Led by Joseph Goebbels
      - Increase in popularity, spread to Germans in foreign countries
    - - Groom youths to be future Nazi leaders
      - Aryan youths membership were made compulsory in December 1936
      - Youths from age 14 to 18
      - Physical and militery trainings emphasised to teach anti-Semitism and Nazi idealogy
      - Paramilitary organisation to ensure complete loyalty
  - - - Took charge at local governments
      - Trade unions were dissolved
      - Only legal political party in Germany
    - - SS arrested and killed SA leaders
      - German army swore alliance to Hitler
      - Hitler was convinced that SA leader was a threat
    - - Hitler passed Enabling Act and could pass laws without President’s approval
      - Communist was banned from future elections
      - Nazi secured majority in Reichstag
    - - Hitler merged President’s and Chancellor’s power
      - Self-proclaimed Fuehrer
      - President Hindenburg died in 1934
    - - Reichstag caught on fire
      - Nazis blamed the communist for it
      - Hitler called for election in March 1933
      - Convinced President to invoke article 48
- - - - Increased party memebership after Great Depression
      - Establish Schultz-Staffel/ Defence Corps (SS) and Sturmabteilung/ Stormtroopers/ brownshirts (SA)
      - Set up branches in parts of Germany
      - Joseph Goebbels use propaganda to appeal to people’s emotions
      - Created a youth movement
      - Hitler gained much more popularity and support
      - Jail term convinced Hitler that legal means and force would help him gain power
    - - Convinced people that Nazis are the ones who can stop communism and provide order
      - Rich industrialists supported Nazi for an anti-communist government
      - Used propaganda to spread fear about aims of communism
      - With strong financial support, Hitler built a private army - SA
    - - NSDAP grew in population
      - Judges sympathies him after his stirring speech
      - Inspire confidence and belief among Germans that Hitler can lead Germany
      - Received 5 years jail sentence, released on parole after 9 months
      - Natural ability to capture people’s attention by speaking
    - - Appointed chancellor on 30 January 1933, ended WG and start the Third Reich
      - Nazis used money donated by rich businessmen and industrialists to finance their campaigns in 1933
      - Rich industrialists supported Hitler as chancellor
      - Hoped that Hitler could help stop communism
      - Exploited communism fear by promising farmers and businessmen to help them after getting into power
      - Pesident von Hindenburg pressurised to agree to Hitler becoming chancellor in 1932
      - Communist won 4 times more votes than Nazis in 1928 election
    - - Equality is only for pure German blood (Aryans)
      - Encouraged anti-Semitism (Hatred towards Jewish)
      - Renamed Party: Nationalist Socialist Workers Party (NSDAP)
      - Gain support from idealogy and promises made
        
        Union of Germany and Austria Anschluss
        
        Allow only Aryans to live in Germany
        
        Support of large business
        
        Increase elderly’s savings
        
        Establish a strong government
        
        Abolition of TOV
      - Against socialism but was popular in 1920s and 1930s
  - - - Germans in Ruhr went on strike, WG printed more money to pay them
      - Money lost value, savings virtually wiped out overnight
      - France and Belgium invaded Ruhr to seize mines, factories and railways
      - New chancellor, Gustav Stresemann, change currency
      - WG printed more money but failed to keep up payments
      - Germans lost faith in WG
      - Germany suffer from economic hardships, unemployment, poverty and war reparations
    - - WG look to alternative parties like Nazi and Communist Party
      - One-third of working population were unemployed by 1932
      - WG did not take action and lost support of people
      - Coalition government unable to decide on an action
      - Factories closed down, massive unemployment
      - Rise in support for extreme parties
      - German heavily depend on USA loans, USA recalled its loans
    - - Article 48
        
        Hitler exploited it to have total control at times
        
        Emergency was not clearly defined
      - Lack of support
        
        Right-wing extremist attempt to overthrow in 1920
        
        Many wishes Kaiser’s return
        
        People, politicians and soldiers does not support
      - Coalition government
        
        Government keep breaking up, frequent change
        
        Government don’t last long, 20 different government in 14 years
        
        Parties had extreme ideas and unwilling to compromise
        
        Government with short lifespan, new democratic system was a failure
        
        2 or more political parties corporate to form a cabinet
      - Opposition from left and right
        
        Right-Wing
        
        Opposed TOV, wanted strong Germany
        
        Attempt to overthrow in 1920
        
        Did not have support of people
        
        Monarchists who wished Kaiser’s back into power
        
        Favours traditional social classes and hierachy
        
        Left-Wing
        
        Collective goods over industrialisation
        
        Influenced by Russian Bolsheviks, wants a communist Germany
        
        Favours equal advantages and opportunities
        
        Led a communist spartacist rebellion in 1919
        
        Supports social change for equal society
      - Structural weakness
        
        Democratic and fair system but high degree of fragmentation in parliment
        
        Too many small competing parties with no major parties
        
        Parties gain seat based on number of winning votes
        
        Government appear indecisive and inefficient as they cannot reach compromise frequently
        
        People vote for a party not specific candidates