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Original Investigation: On average, participants will report higher energy…
Original Investigation: On average, participants will report higher energy levels after listening to high tempo music than the low tempo music.
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sample
size
- 77 stage 1 psychology students
- middle income suburbs
- awareness/interest in psychology
representativeness
no representation of greater population, gender differences in expression of arousal
strengths
- reduces the likelihood of outliers since there are less people
limitations
- results are only generalisable to a student population
- it is difficult to generalise the affect of music on arousal to the greater population
- awareness of investigation and studies - confirmation bias - students may give responses they believe are required/desired for the experiment
variables
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extraneous variables:
- participant variables: gender, emotional state, music exposure, ingestion of substances (substances)
- was it music alone or were participants thinking about stressful ideas
- situation variables - time of day, volume difference
- repeated measures all participants did music segment 1 first which may elevate heart rate in the beginning
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investigation design
- experimental as IV (type of music) was being manipulated
advantages:
- able to manipulate the variable in order to show a relationship between the two variables
- provides a conclusion that is specific due to the high level of control in creating the experiment
disadvantages:
- risk of human error as it is subjective
- participants can be influenced by their current situation
ethics:
- debriefing at the conclusion of the study,
- voluntary participation as students feel pressured by their peers to participate in the experiment even though they might not want to or forced by teachers to do it