In commerce, biotechnology is the basis for a new form of authentication: bio-identification, also known as biometrics. Rather than keys, passwords, credit cards, and codes, biomarkers such as retinas, fingerprints, and voice are the new gateway to information access and commerce.
Biomarkers will spawn industries of new products and services that are individually customized, and they will pose fundamental privacy challenges. Biometrics and bioinformatics (aspects of big data discussed shortly) will radically transform what we know and do not know about ourselves and our social communities.