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Cycling of Matter - Coggle Diagram
Cycling of Matter
Water
covers 70% of Earth
Key Characteristics
liquid state: (0-100 degrees Celsius)
allows for liquid water in most environments throughout the year
high heat capacity
high heat of vaporization: allows for bodies of water to exist in hot places
good/universal solvent: makes it key to multiple cycles and biological processes
high surface tension: enables upward transport in plants and soil
Density
ice is less dense than water: floats on surface fish can live in water underneath
3% of water is fresh
most is in glacial and cap ie
.003% can be used by humans
Cycle
Evaporation
liquid water--> water vapor
Condensation
water vapor-->liquid water
Precipitation
liquid water in atmosphere falls
Run-off
3 more items...
Infiltration
3 more items...
rain, sleet, snow, hail
liquid water condensed and grew too big to stay in air
atmosphere vapor cools; condense into liquid water
particles give water a place to condense
energy from sun
vapor move to atmosphere
moves to new location
dries and cools on surface where water sat
Transpiration/Evapotranspiration
water evaporates from leaves of live plants
through small surface openings
Carbon Cycle
Carbon Sinks
take in and hold more carbon than they release
Precipitation of Ocean Sediment
this is when carbon is oceans solidifies on the floor
overall effect is deposition into carbon sink
Consumption
animals eat plants and get the carbon byproduct
when animals die the carbon is still there
Fossil Fuel Formation
decomposed materials can be buried and compressed
eventually changes into things like coal and oil
Removal from Atmosphere
Photosynthesis
plants absorb CO2 from air
plants transfer this CO2 into energy
Diffusion into Ocean
carbon diffuses directly into ocean water
Return to Carbon to the Cycle
Defacation
some carbon based materials are released from the excretory systems
re-enter the environment
Respiration
occurs in plants and animmals
CO2 is released as organisms use their carbon-based sugars
opposite process of photosynthesis
Decomposition
carbon-based compounds break down; releases carbon
released into ground, air, and water
Burning Fossil Fuels
used in cars and industries
burning the fuels releases carbon into the atmosphere as gas
Nitrogen Cycle
Remove from the Atmosphere
Nitrogen Fixation
nitrogen-fixing bacteria atmospheric nitrogen--> ammonium--> nitrous oxide--> nitrate
Uptake
plants absorb nitrate
animals eat the plants for their nitrogen
not permanent removal
Sedimentation
in oceans
cyanobacteria change atmospheric nitrogen--> ammonium
Return to the Atmosphere
Excretion
nitrogen compounds are released
Decomposition
bacteria break down dead organisms into basic compounds
carbon stored in organisms is released
Denitrification
nitrate--> atmospheric nitrogen
Change Nitrogen Type
Nitrification
lightning can change atmospheric nitrogen into nitrate
changes nitrogen into a form the plants can use
Vocabulary
heat capacity: amount of energy needed to raise temp of a certain amount of water by 1 degrees Celsius
Heat of Vaporization: amount of energy needed to cause a liquid to evaporate