Chemistry >>test << chemistry<<

  1. September

salts

types of salts

Metal + acid = acid + hydrogen

Metal oxide + acid = salt + water

Metal hydroxide + acid = salt + water

Metal carbonate + acid = salt + water + carbon dioxide

Ammonia + acid = ammonium salt

How to change metal and acid names when changing into a salt

metal + mittragen = (metal)Nitrate

Metal + hydrochloric acid = (metal)chloride

Metal + sulfuric acid = (metal)sulfate

How to make an ionic equation

1) write the equation and balance it

2) determent the state of each substance

3) Write the ionic equation by breaking all the soluble ionic compounds (those marked with an (aq)) into their respective ions.

Acids and bases

whats the diffrences of strong and weak acids and baces

strong

weak

Strong acids ionize completely in an aquas solution

Loses protein like H+ when dissolved in water

They ionize partially inside an aquas solution

It give off less H+ ions

Limiting reactance

how to calculate the limiting reactant

1) Determine the balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction.

2) Convert all given information into moles (most likely, through the use of molar mass as a conversion factor).

3) Calculate the mole ratio from the given information. Compare the calculated ratio to the actual ratio.

4) Use the amount of limiting reactant to calculate the amount of product produced.

5) If necessary, calculate how much is left in excess of the non-limiting reagent.

How to calculate moales

First you must calculate the number of moles in this solution, by rearranging the equation. Number of Moles (mol) = Molarity (M) x Volume (L).

For NaCl, the molar mass is 58.44 g/mol. Now we can use the rearranged equation. Mass (g) = No. Moles (mol) x Molar Mass (g/mol) = 1 x 58.44. = 58.44 g.

The molar mass of any element can be determined by finding the atomic mass of the element on the periodic table.

from gas

PV = nRT, where n is number of moles and R is the universal gas constant, R = 8.31 J/mol ⋅ K.

How to finger what salt you made

Test for cations

Test for amnions

Positive ions are also called cations. Negative ions are called anions.

Universal indicate

7 is normal

14 is a bace

1 is an acid

Testing for cations

there is a flame test which with a specific colerd flame it will become a certan substence

Lithium (Li + ) Red

Sodium (Na + ) Yellow

Potassium (K + ) Lilac

Copper(II) Cu 2+ Blue-green

Testing for ions there is nothing to know, just that there are tests out there