Chemistry >>test << chemistry<<
- September
salts
types of salts
Metal + acid = acid + hydrogen
Metal oxide + acid = salt + water
Metal hydroxide + acid = salt + water
Metal carbonate + acid = salt + water + carbon dioxide
Ammonia + acid = ammonium salt
How to change metal and acid names when changing into a salt
metal + mittragen = (metal)Nitrate
Metal + hydrochloric acid = (metal)chloride
Metal + sulfuric acid = (metal)sulfate
How to make an ionic equation
1) write the equation and balance it
2) determent the state of each substance
3) Write the ionic equation by breaking all the soluble ionic compounds (those marked with an (aq)) into their respective ions.
Acids and bases
whats the diffrences of strong and weak acids and baces
strong
weak
Strong acids ionize completely in an aquas solution
Loses protein like H+ when dissolved in water
They ionize partially inside an aquas solution
It give off less H+ ions
Limiting reactance
how to calculate the limiting reactant
1) Determine the balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction.
2) Convert all given information into moles (most likely, through the use of molar mass as a conversion factor).
3) Calculate the mole ratio from the given information. Compare the calculated ratio to the actual ratio.
4) Use the amount of limiting reactant to calculate the amount of product produced.
5) If necessary, calculate how much is left in excess of the non-limiting reagent.
How to calculate moales
First you must calculate the number of moles in this solution, by rearranging the equation. Number of Moles (mol) = Molarity (M) x Volume (L).
For NaCl, the molar mass is 58.44 g/mol. Now we can use the rearranged equation. Mass (g) = No. Moles (mol) x Molar Mass (g/mol) = 1 x 58.44. = 58.44 g.
The molar mass of any element can be determined by finding the atomic mass of the element on the periodic table.
from gas
PV = nRT, where n is number of moles and R is the universal gas constant, R = 8.31 J/mol ⋅ K.
How to finger what salt you made
Test for cations
Test for amnions
Positive ions are also called cations. Negative ions are called anions.
Universal indicate
7 is normal
14 is a bace
1 is an acid
Testing for cations
there is a flame test which with a specific colerd flame it will become a certan substence
Lithium (Li + ) Red
Sodium (Na + ) Yellow
Potassium (K + ) Lilac
Copper(II) Cu 2+ Blue-green
Testing for ions there is nothing to know, just that there are tests out there