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Study of Language image, By Walter Ernesto Rivas Marín - RM18057 - Coggle…
Study of Language
Pragmatics
(studies language use)
Implicature
Conversational Maxims
Quality
True information
Relation
Relevant information
Quantity
Enough information
Manner
Clear information
Speech acts
Illocutionary acts
Classification of illocutionary acts
Question
Gets information
Commissive
Commits to do something
Directive
Gets the hearer to do something
Expressive
Expresses emotions
Representative
Commits the speaker to the truth
Declaration
Changes the status of someone or something
Felicity conditions
Contextual appropriateness
Explicit
Verbs that reveal their purpose
Nonexplicit
Verbs that are not explicit
Direct
Doesn't need an external structure
Indirect
It uses an external structure to give the message
Locutionary acts
Nonliteral
The meaning is not verbatim
Expressed
Expressed purpose
Literal
Verbatim meaning
Implied
The purpose should be guessed
Semantics
(studies linguistic meaning)
Contributers
Linguists
(study the words' sense)
Synonymy
Same meaning in different words
Hyponymy
A word's specific meaning that implies another word
Lexical ambiguity
ambiguous meaning of words
Overlap
Words that have some of the same semantic features
Semantic features
Units of word meaning
Antonymy
Contrary meaning of two words
Lexical decomposition
Characterizes the words' sense
Philosophers
(study the sentences' meaning)
Study of truth
Synthetic sentences
They may be true or false
Entailment
Proposition that necessarily follows from another sentence
Contradictory sentences
They are false by their words
Presupposition
Proposition assumed to be true in order to judge the truth of another sentence
Analytic sentences
They are true by their words
Study of reference
Stereotype
Characteristics of a prototype
Coreference
Two expressions that refer the same thing
Prototype
A typical member of an extension
Anaphora
An expression that refers to another
Extension
Things to which an expression may refer
Deixis
A one-meaning expression that can refer to different things
Referent
The thing that a word or phrase refers to
Syntax
(studies phrases, clauses, and sentences)
Constituent structure
Hierarchical structure of utterances
X-Bar syntax
Structures phrases
Structural unit
Phrasal category
Lexical category
Left-to-right ordering
Establishes the structures' order
Phrase structure (PS) rules
specifies
The ordering
The optional elements
The allowed elements
Tree diagram
Transformations
Moves categories' locations
Categories
Classify words
Determiner
Adjective
Verb
Adverb
Noun
Among others...
By Walter Ernesto Rivas Marín - RM18057
