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Sinification - Coggle Diagram
Sinification
Korea
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Educated elite studied confucianism, buddhist doctirine attracted peasent masses
Koreans adopted Chinese writing system, but this was very awkward, so by the 15th century the koreans made their own writing system
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Korea had a very direct relationship with China due to location (shared land boudry and China extended both north and south of Korea)
Koreans were influenced by Chinese trade, goods, and culture. They adapted things like intstruments, religions (buddhism and confucianism), and political systems). Buddhism was the cultural bridge linking China to Korea.
The first wave of sinification was when Korea's oldest known kingdom was conquered by Wudi of the Han dynasty in 100 BCE.
Korean scholars traveled to China to learn more about Confuciansim and returned with literature and information, and so Chinese culture seeped into Korea. This was done after they were empressed by the organization and economy in Tang China.
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Koreans never established a functioning bueracracy despite the amounts of Chinese influence, so they were never able to curb the power of the nobles over the government like China
Japan
Lower classes converted to Buddhism and combined Mahayana deities with those of their native nature spirits
Sinification Buddhism became very popular; aristocrats feared their power would overtake the government
Their suspicions of this happening were confirmed when a plot was discovered to overthrow the imperial government (they were part of the inner social circle of the Emperor's wife and planned to marry her and depose her husband)
Because of this, the capital, Nara, was uprooted (haven of Buddhist temples and power) and transferred to Heian, 28 miles away. The previous Taika reforms were abandoned and the aristocratic families were back in control.
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Summary: Japan was the only country that was able to intentionally implement aspects of Chinese civilization.
Chinese script, bureaucracy, and equal field system were all purposely borrowed.
Takia Reforms- 646 C.E., attempt to reconstruct the Japanese imperial government to be similar to Chinese models
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The idea of a central imperial government wasn't strong at this time, but influenced Japan throughout the rest of history.
Japan was separated from China by sea rather than land, it had more control over how it interacted with China. Japan was never 'conquered' by China, they had the choice to emulate Chinese culture
Success in the Tang Dynasty was seen in Japan, and it wanted to be replicated, so they did so by choice
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Vietnam
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Viets resisted to the Chinese conquering, but were conquered in the end and the Tang adopted a quicker ripening form of rice from them. The Viets also adopted their bureaucratic structure and irrigation system, causing their population to increase.
The Viets did not take kindly to Chinese culture and overlords unlike the Koreans.. they resisted total Sinification. They also resented the disdain that Chinese bureaucrats had for their traditions.
Geographic barriers, like mountains, also prevented China from forming a tight control over Vietnam.
The application of the Chinese irrigation system increased agriculture in Vietnam greatly. They adapted what aspects of the Chinese they thought would be useful.
Peasants did not adopt to sinifcation besides Buddhism, and people were the greatest resistant to sinification (resisted bureaucrats) even though there wer a lot of geographical barriers.
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Confucian Patriarchy
This was one of the most prominent differences between Vietnamese and Chinese culture. Vietnamese women held a much higher place in society, causing them to chafe at foreign Confucian teachings of filial piety.
The Viets were much more attracted to Buddhism than any other belief system derived from China because of this. Women played a large role in revolting against the Chinese. As the Tang dynasty collapsed, the Viets mounted a massive revolt and won their independence from China. There would be future attempts, but faulty ones, to overturn Vietnam. (maintained independence until the French took over and incorporated it at Indo-China)