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Study of Language language S - Coggle Diagram
Study of Language
S
Pragmatics
(studies context)
Context
Implicature
Speech Acts
locutionary
Expressed/Implied locutionary acts
expressed
the purpose is expressed
implied
the purpose should be guessed
literal/nonliteral locutionary acts
nonliteral
the meaning is not verbatim
literal
the meaning is verbatim
Illocutionary
Expressive
Expresses emotion
Commissive
Commit to do something
Declaration
Changes the status of someone or something
Question
Get information
Directive
Get the hearer to do something
Representative
Felicity conditions
contextual appropriateness
Explicit/Nonexplicit Illocutionary acts
Explicit
verbs that reveal the purpose
Nonexplicit
verbs that are not explicit
Direct/Indirect ilocutionary acts
direct
Doesnt need an external structure
Indirect
It uses an external structure to give the message
**Semantics (studies linguistic meaning)
contributers
Philosophers (study the sentences' meaning)
Study of truth
Synthetic sentences
they may be true or false
Entailment
proposition that necessarily follows from another sentence
Contradictory sentences
they are false by their words
Presupposition
proposition assumed to be true in order to judge the truth of another sentence
Analytic sentences
they are true by their words
Study of reference
Stereotype
characteristics of a prototype
Coreference
two expressions that refer the same thing
Prototype
a typical member of an extension
Anaphora
an expression that refers to another
Extension
things to which an expression may refer
Deixis
a one-meaning expression that can refer to different things
Referent
the thing that a word or phrase refers to
Linguists (study the words' sense)
They use
Lexical decomposition
characterizes the words' sense
Semantic features
units of word meaning
Lexical ambiguity
ambiguous meaning of words
Synonymy
same meaning in different words
Hyponymy
A word's specific meaning that implies another word
Overlap
words that have some of the same semantic features
Antonymy
contrary meaning of two words
Syntax (studies phrases, clauses, and sentences)
Constituent structure
Hierarchical structure of utterances
X-Bar syntax
Structures phrases
Structural unit
Phrasal category
Lexical category
Left-to-right ordering
Establishes the structures' order
Phrase structure (PS) rules
specifies
The ordering
The optional elements
The allowed elements
Tree diagram
Transformations
Moves categories' locations
Categories
Classify words
Determiner
Adjective
Verb
Adverb
Noun
Among others...
S