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HISTORY OF OSH LEGISLATION - Coggle Diagram
HISTORY OF OSH LEGISLATION
Has exist since 120 years ago, in the end of 19th century
Start w the safety of the boiler then into machinery safety
Industrial revolution
Followed by security industrial and industrial safety and health
Safety and Health covering all sectors
Steam Boiler Safety Era (before1914)
1st carried out in Malaysia 1878
Mr William Givan was appointed as Machinery Inspector. He was assigned to check the safety of the boiler when is mainly used in tin mines
1890s - Perak Government has implemented inspection system by individuals qualification in the field of steam boiler is licensed to be "Boiler Surveyor"
Steam Boiler Enactment were oriented as each of the four allied Malay states or Negeri-Negeri Melayu Bersekutu
Boiler Enactment 1892 - The first Legal boiler enactment is Selangor meanwhile Perak Legislation was first enacted in 1903
1908s - The state's then-Federated Malay State Legislation has their own boilers. All examiner known as Inspector Boiler
1892s - There were 83 steam boilers in Perak. Used in mines except for 6 units, which were used in sugar factory
Machinery Safety Era (1914-1952)
Machinery enactment 1913
Inspector didn't only concern about steam boiler but also other machinery
The position of Boiler Inspection are abolished and replace by Inspection of Machinery and Assistant Inspection of Machinery
1932s - Machinery Enactment 1913 was repealed and then replaced with Machinery Enactment 1932
Inspection, registration and inspection of the installation were enforced
Inspectors of Machinery is under the Administration of The Mineral Department (Machinery Branch)
The Main Provision of Ordinance
Must be established by a Board of Inspection with power to conduct inspection and to approve Certificates of Fitness
Regulation can be made
Only machinery with approval certificates can be used
Only approved persons can operate machine
Industrial Safety Era (1953-1967)
Machinery Branch is under the Department of Mines until 1952s
It been separate from Department of Mines and assumed the named of Machinery Safety
Separation is necessary because most of the developed examination outside of the mining industry
1964s - 786 steam boilers, 4537 unfired pressure vessel, 981 hoisting machine and 11366 other installations
1953s - All of the machinery enactment of the Allied Malay States, Non-Allied Malay States and Strait States were abolished and replaced with Machinery Ordinance 1953
Ordinance 1953 - Role of the examiner are not only focused on safety of boilers or machinery but include safety workers in factories where machinery were used
The staffs of Machinery Department consisted of 10 Inspectors which were made up of mechanical engineers, 5 Assistant Inspectors
Industrial Safety and Hygiene Era (1970-1994)
1967s - Factories and Machinery Act was approved by Parliament
1970s - Factories and Machinery Act and 8 regulations made under it were enforced
Machinery Ordinance 1953 was repealed and the name of the department was changed to Factories and Machinery Department
Inspector who enforced the Act was called Inspector of FMA
Designed to overcome the lacking of Machinery Ordinance 1953 i terms of scope of coverage of workers, where workers in the workplace is no machinery are also covered
Occupational Safety and Health Era (after 1994)
New legislation enacted- Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994
Been approved by parliament in 1993 and was gazette on February 1994
Due to Bright Sparklers in Sg Buloh incident
Aimed to foster and promote safety awareness among health workers and also create organizations with effective safety and health regulations
Done through self-regulation scheme that relevant to the industry or related organizations - according to OSHA1994 section 16 Safety and Health Policy
OSHA1994 coverage the workforce not only for industry but also the workers
Importance of Safety in Workplace
Works play central role in people's lives
Most workers spend 8hours a day in workplace
Work environment should be safe abd healthy
Everyday workers all over the world are faced with multitude of health hazard such as : dust, gases, noise, vibration and extreme temperatures
Some employers assume little responsibility for the protection of workers safety and health
The hazard and a lack of attention given to health and safety, work related accidents and disease may occur