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Interior of Earth - Coggle Diagram
Interior of Earth
Seismic activity
Study of Earthquakes and volcanic activity= Seismology. Instrument used to measure seismic activity=Seismometer(sensitive instrument secured to rock substrate) connected to a recording device to detect and measure seismic waves. Seismometer connected to seismograph, automatically detects and records intensity, direction, duration of Earthquakes and similar seismic events. More recent info is received digitally.
Methods of studying Earths interior
Too hot to get into Earths interior and study it methods used include:
-Drilling into Earths crust
-Collecting cooled material from lava flows
-Studying sites of remnants of dormant volcanoes
-Analysing meteorite material found on Earth
-Comparing surface rock with inner rock
-Using scientific data- determining dimensions, density, rotation, gravity and magnetic field.
Interpreting behavior of sound- behavior of sounds changes as it moves through materials of different densities and types.
Studying shock waves- wavs produced by Earthquakes or human induced explosions
Seismic waves
P-waves/ S-wave/ L-waves Primary waves- travel faster than other waves and are first signal from Earthquake ,travel through gasses, liquids, solids=body waves( move through Earths body) Secondary waves- body waves, only move through solids stopped by liquids and gasses. Longitude waves- move parallel to direction of wave propagation(particles move left and right in a zig zag manner) =Surface waves(Travel on Earths surface)
Interior composition of Earth
Earths layers arranged according to each layers density(deeper layer denser than shallower layers=density stratification.
-Lithosphere
-Asthenosphere
-The mantle
-The core
Lithosphere
Crust and uppermost solid section of mantle and forms solid outer layer, thickness- 60-200km, made up of silicon, Aluminum, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium, contains 15 major tectonic plates on Earth.
Asthenosphere
Earth’s upper mantle beneath the lithosphere. extends to a
depth of 360–650 km. much hotter and more fluid than the lithosphere. It is a layer of solid rock that has so much pressure and heat the rocks can flow like a
liquid.
The mantel
semi-fluid or ‘plastic-like’ layer that reaches 2 900 km below the surface consists of silicate rocks with a high Magnesium and Iron content. also referred to as the mesosphere.
The core
Consists of two parts:
liquid outer layer (2 260 km thick) is composed mainly of a Nickel–Iron alloy.
solid inner core with a 1 200-km radius, is composed mainly of Iron and metals that have an affinity to combine with Iron (e.g. Nickel).