Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Asepsis and Infection Control - Coggle Diagram
Asepsis and Infection Control
Asepsis
Prevents infection
Infection is the establishment of a pathogen in susceptible host
Signs and symptoms
Localized
Redness, warmth, swelling, pain, tenderness
Numbness, tingling, loss of function
Systemic
Fever, elevated HR/RR, chills
Lethargy, anorexia, lymph node tenderness/enlargement
Altered mental status
Acute vs Chronic
Factors can affect susceptibility
Extreme ages; infant vs elderly
Females - UTI due to anatomy
Males - UTI due to enlarged prostrate
Culture, ethnicity, religion
Immobility
Obesity
Lack of knowledge
Perform Health History/Assessment
Vital signs
Nutritional Assessment
Risk Assessment
Lab work
CBC
Differential
Erythrocyte Sed Rate
Measures degree of inflammation
Culture and senstivity testing
Chain of Infection
Infectious Agent
Source
Portal of Exit
Mode of Transmission
Portal of Entry
Susceptible Host
1 more item...
GI Tract, GU Tract, respiratory, break in skin
Contact, airborne, droplet, vector-borne
Emesis, sputum, urine, stool, blood, etc
Reservoir or Host
contaminated equipment, medications, air, food, water
Bacteria, fungi, viruses,parasites
Freedom from and prevention of disease-causing contamination
Surgical
"sterile" technique
Prevent microorganisms from being introduced from environment to patient
Medical
"clean" technique
Body's Natural Defense System
Normal flora - live in/on body
Benign!
Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoa
Found on skin, eyes, nose, throat, intestines, urethra
1st line of defense
Inflammatory response
Local response to infection or cellular injury
Capillary dilation and leukocyte infiltration
Redness
Heat
Pain
Swelling
Activates immune response
Innate immunity
Immediate response to foreign antigens
Skin, mucous, cough reflex,enzymes in skin and tears, etc.
FIghts infection, removes foreign substances, triggers adaptive immune system
Adaptive immunity
Humoral Immunity
Antibody production by B lymphocytes - antibodies recognize foreign invaders and lock them down
Takes care of pathogens that get past innate immune system
Cellular Immunity
T lymphocytes
Cytotoxic Killer T Cells
Attack "nonself" antigens - infected cells
T Helper Cells
Call out to humoral immunity B cells to create anitbodies and other cells such as macrophages
Antigen specific
Active
Subsequent exposure to antigen creates faster response by B/T cells
Vaccines
Passive
Immunity obtained through other body
Infants and babies through breast milk and in utero
Monoclonal antibodies
Immediate but short term
3rd line of defense
2nd line of defense
Health Care Associated Infections (HCAI)
Occur while receiving treatment in healthcare facility
Standard Precautions effective in prevention
Resistant organisms
Drug resistance
Prescribing antibiotics for non bacterial infections
Inappropriate antibiotics
Not completing antibiotics
HARD TO TREAT!!!!
Blood borne pathogens
Patients and providers at risk
Hep B
Hep C
HIV
Standard Precautions
Basic Standard precautions apply to all patients
Contact
Suspected contagious disease present
MSR, Scabies, Herpes
Draining wounds
Direct or indirect
Droplet
large droplets suspended in air
Airborne
small droplets or particles suspended in air for long periods
Protective Isolation
Compromised immune systems
Filters, masks, meticulous handwashing
NO live items
DOCUMENTATION
When isolation started/ended
Family education
"Isolation Precautions" on chart and room
PPE
Gloves
Goggles
Gowns
Face Shields
Masks
PPE used based on specific precaution
Respirators