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rise of stalin, Life under Stalin - Coggle Diagram

- - - - first allied himself with Trotsky's opponents (moderate politburo members) to get rid of him
        
        then broke Troika alliance and discredited Kamenev and Zinoviev
        
        allied himself with radical groups to remove Bukharin and Rykov
        
        with his opponents and competitors gone, Stalin emerged the supreme leader of the Soviet Union in 1929
  - - - expelled Trotsky in 1927
- - - - October 1922:
        Civil war ended
        Bolsheviks won
        
        Russia became an official communist state
        
        Bolsheviks declared creation of USSR or Soviet Union
        
        dictatorship of the proletariat
        
        banned media
        
        banned opposition parties and their members
        
        Cheka established to eliminate opponents
        
        democratic assembly closed down
        
        the party controlled the gov and made all important decisions
        
        Politburo: inner ruling group at the top of the Communist party - became key decision making body
        
        a centralised one party gov was set up
      - 25 Oct 1917: with support of the people, Bolsheviks overthrew the Provisional gov
    - - provisional gov formed
- - - - Not able to deal with party politics. Other party members excluded him from decision making and undermined his position within the party
    - - instead supported Stalin's idea of Socialism in one country
- - - - Central Executive Committee agreed not to make the testament public and ignore it because they were all criticised
        
        Stalin retained his position as Secretary-General
- - - - 3rd five year plan promised production of consumer goods but it was not kept
  - - - sent our across USSR to work on potential campaigns or on collective farms and industries
      - younger children similarly encouraged to join Young Pioneers
      - activities indoctrinated them to be loyal to Stalin and the Communist Party
        
        many later promoted to prominent Party posts by Stalin after he eliminated his opposition
  - - - women were expected to both roles of house wife and worker
      - 1936: abortion made illegal again
      - many of these services were poorly maintained
    - - legalised abortion and divorce so that women could have more control over their own lives
  - - - if judged poorly, difficult to apply for housing, jobs, holidays
    - - slightest indication of anti-Stalin sentiments would warrant an arrest
  - - - members of working class or communist party given preferential treatment
  - - - spurred more to exceed their targets but pressure and oppression by those who failed to do so led many to become pessimistic and disgruntled with the five year plans
      - celebrated by the state for their achievements and hailed as heroes
- - - - grain and produce collected at the expense of farmers and they could not keep it for themselves
        
        during Great Famine 1932, did not distribute stock pilled grain but exported it, close to 7M died
  - - - lack of housing, not allowed to build
  - - - Stalin suspicious
        
        promoted inexperienced members
        
        Yezhov,1940
        
        Many accused of treason - tortured and shot
    - - Extensive purges of Leningrad party (Kirov's power base)
        
        public show trials
        
        Kamenev, Zinoviev, Bukharin accused
  - - - Stalin launched a series of campaigns of political oppression and purges to consolidate his power and enforce party discipline
        
        to eliminate enemies and remove domestic opposition
- - - - however
        
        quality of products were often sub-standard and potentially hazardous
        
        five year plan poor coordination and planning
        
        little growth in consumer industry
      - success
        transformed Soviet Union into an industrial base for potential arms industry in 1941
    - - working hours and wages fixed by state
      - set quotas for production
      - emphasis on heavy industries - coal, iron, steel, electricity
      - factories to produce equipment for mechanisation for farming
        
        free up farmers to work in factories
  - - - manpower for new factories supplied by the peasants who left the countryside
      - However state collected grain to feed industrial town
      - Great harvest dropped between 1931 and 1934
        loss of animal population
      - Great famine by bad harvest. Millions of peasants died of starvation
      - Kulaks destroyed their farms
    - - shock workers forced peasants to join collective farms and remove kulaks
      - Farmers who failed to meet the quota were punished
      - State provided equipment like tractors
    - - by 1935, almost all farms were Kolkhozy
      - surplus farmers could become factory workers
      - crops harvested and exported for funds for industrialisation