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Cell biology - Coggle Diagram
Cell biology
Types of microscopes
Electron microscope- uses beam of electrons to create image, electron microscope enables very high magnification, up to 10 million times.
Light microscope- magnification of 40 times to about 400 times, light microscopes can magnify to about 1000 times or even higher
Special chemicals known as stains can be used to colour different structures and organelles with in a cell so that they stand out better under light microscope.
Molecular constituents
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Suspension
Fluid containing larger components, like organelles of cell which are to large to dissolve.
Colloidal solution
Fluid containing large organic compounds, like proteins which do not dissolve but sill small enough to stay suspended in solution, Colloidal solution have property of being able to change between completely liquid solution state or gel like state.
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Cell membrane described as a fluid mosaic model, which shows cell has
Double phospholipid layer- separates fluid inside cell from those outside. Phospholipid molecules have a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end.
Pores- allow water to move freely both directions, as pores just big enough for water molecules to pass through, cell membranes are selectively permeable and enable osmosis to take place (movement of water from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential through a selectively permeable membrane)
Protein molecules- play various roles with addition of ATP energy some membrane proteins act as pumps which can take in or expel selected substances can be to select required nutrients or to excrete unwanted substances or to change water potential in cell =active transport, proteins in membranes can also provide a cells identity showing cell to be part of that organism or part of a particular cell or tissue within organism.
Nucleus
Very NB structure in all living cells as is controls all processes carried out by cells and and cell division during growth and reproduction, contains all instructions for functioning of cell and hereditary material to be able to build more cells and organisms, this info carried in special molecules called nucleic acids
Cytoplasm
Everything inside cell, except nucleus, gel like fluid material, it is medium in which cellular activities take place.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Densely folded membrane network, spreads through entire cytoplasm, can be seen to be connected to outer cell membrane as well as nuclear membrane.
Important transport structure and serves as anchoring point for ribosomes
Golgi body
Stacked collection of membranous disks these assemble specific chemicals and then create small buds on edges which break free as vesicles, dictyosome can be regarded as secretory organelle
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