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Popultaion policies - Coggle Diagram
Popultaion policies
Control on country's population
may involve
encouraging emigration
decreasing the number arriving through immigration
imroving healthcare --->infant mortality drops
advertising champains
education about family planning
offering bonuses
increasing the access to contraceptions
methods influenced by the cultuarl/religious community
Anti-natalist
countries exeding in their carrying capacity
China
Since 1949 Communist Party has ruled China.
One Child Policy was introduced in 1979 ---> 400 million births were prevented, fertility rate dropped from 5.8 to 1.7
families with one child had wage bonus
families with one child had priorities
apply to the authorities to get married and then to have a baby
punishments and large fines
marriage for men 22; marriage for women 20
greater amount of disposable income available for small families
only one child
Policy is controversial
boys are more valued than girls
famales babies abandoned
ageing population
20-30 million males may not find a female partner
working age population is falling
Since january 2016 they have abandoned the policy
since 2013 there has been a relaxation: minority ethic and rural families allowed to have more than one child if their ffirts newborn was a girl.
in 1970 the "Later, longer, fewer" policy was introduced, and parents were allowed to delay their firts child, allowing a longer intervak
Singapore
After the 2WW an Anti-natalist policy was introduced (Stop at two).
From the 1980s encourage families to have more children because of birth rates had fallen below replacement levels. ----> "Have Three or More, If You Can Afford it".
Tax rebates to have a third child
four years of unpaid maternity for chivil servant
champains
subsidy for children attending governemt-approved childcare centers
Priority for third-child families
Baby Bonus Scheme
Total fertility rate rose, but still below the replacement level
Singapore experienced its lowest growth in 10 years
The total number of marriages and births continued to fall
Since 2000, due to continued low total feritility, changed its immigration policy. --->demand for labour grew with indutralisation, foreigners with professional qualifications
Pro-natalist