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ISOMERISM, more than one compounds have the same chemical formula but…

- - - - iii). CHAIN ISOMERISM
        skeletal isomerism
        
        possibility of branching in carbon atoms
      - iv). POSITION ISOMERISM
        
        positions of the functional groups or substituent atoms are different in C chain
      - v). FUNCTIONAL GROUP ISOMERISM
        
        compounds that have the same chemical formula but different functional groups attached to them
        e.g. C3H6O
      - i). METAMERISM
        
        presence of different alkyl chains on each side of the functional group
      - ii). TAUTOMERISM
        
        the isomer of the compound which only differs in the position of protons and electrons.
        
        intramolecular proton transfer
        
        exist together in equilibrium and easily interchange
- - - - ii). GEOMETRICAL ISOMERISM
        
        different spatial arrangements of atoms in 3D space
      - i). OPTICAL ISOMERISM
        
        similar bonds but different spatial arrangements of atoms forming non-superimposable mirror images
        
        Dextro enantiomers rotate the plane of polarized light to the right
        
        Laevo enantiomers rotate to the left
      - same chemical formula but different orientations of the atoms belonging to the molecule in three-dimensional space