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Rules of Madd - Madd Means to stretch a letter beyond 1 Harakat - Coggle…
Rules of Madd - Madd Means to stretch a letter beyond 1 Harakat
Madd Far'iy
These are a subcategory of Madd Asliy. These occurs on 2 occasions.
A) When a saakin comes directly after a harf madd in the same word or
B) When a hamzat comes before or after the harf madd.
Duration of a madd
Al-Qasr 2 harakat Short
Al-tawasut 4 harakat Intermediate*
Al-tool 6 harakat Lengthy
*Occasionally can be 5 harakat. This is named fuwaqul tawasut = a little above
tawasut.
Hukm of Madd
Jaaiz Can be read with one of the 3 durations above
Waajib Read with al-Tawasut
Laazim Read with al-Tool
*It is Waajib (obligation) to maintain a consistent length throughout the recitation of
a particular madd This is known as Taswiyat Al-Mudood or just Taswiyat
(equalisation).
There are 13 types of Madd in total.
Harf Madd
Alif is preceded by a Fatha
Waw preceded by a Dhamma
Yaa preceded by a Kasrah
A Harf Madd does not possess any Harakat. Each of the above letters will be held for 2 Harakat (1 second) The hukm for this
madd is Wajib. No More, No less! Harf Madd is also known as Madd Asli, Original
If waqf (stop) is made on a madd asliy the madd is still read (2 harakat only).
If in wasl (continuation) madd is still read (2 harakat only).
The above only apply if there is no Hamza Saakin or Shaddah that comes after
any of the Harf Madd letters. If they do then it becomes a Madd Far iy.
Madd Muttasil
If after Harf Madd appears a Hamza ( ) in the SAME word then
the Harf Madd is stretched for 4 or 5 Harakat.
Madd Aaridh If after Harf Madd appears a letter where upon a stop (Waqf) is
made it is known as Madd Aaridh:
The Harf Madd can stretched for either 2, 4 or 6 Harakaat.
Madd Munfasil If after Harf Madd appears a Hamza ( ) in the NEXT word
then the Harf Madd is stretched for either 2, 4 or 6 Harakaat.
In this example we have Alif (which is Hamza) preceded by a Harf Madd (Alif
preceeded by Fat ha) making it Madd Munfasil . Another example:
In this example we have a Yaa Harf Madd (Yaa Saakin preceded by a Kasrah). The
next letter is an Alif (Hamza) in the next word.
Another example:
Note
An Alif with a vowel (fat ha-dhamma-kasra) is technically the same as an Alif which
has a vowel-hamza. There are some copies of the Qur an that do not write a hamza
on an alif, instead the Alif is written just with a vowel (Fat ha, Kasrah, Dhamma etc)
over it. They have the same ruling.