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Ancient Civilizations - Coggle Diagram
Ancient Civilizations
Ancient China 
Architecture/Inventions: On page 22, it states that in the Middle Ages many Chinese inventions were carried along the Silk Road to Europe, where some had an enormous impact (Cotterell). The compass and Sternpost Rudder allowed for great voyages. The discovery of gunpowder revolutionized festivals/celebrations and warfare leading to the invention of fireworks, guns, and explosives.
Religion: On page 26, the text states that while ancient Chinese dynasties were tolerant of religious belief, the most common religions were Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. These religions molded how the people living within the Chinese dynasties perceived life. The return of strong government under the Tang Emperors led to the decline of Buddhism and the revival of Confucianism. (Cotterell)
Commerce/Trade: On page 58, it states that trade flourish under the Mongol and Yuan empires which permitted merchants to trade freely across their empires. The Mongols controlled the entire length of the silk road meaning merchants could trade from Zhōngguó (China) to Turkiye (Turkey). Chinese merchants amassed large fortunes by exporting luxury goods such as silk, spices, tea, porcelain, and lacquerware (Cotterell).
Government: In the text, the author states that after the Qin united the warring states their leader, Zheng, took the title of Emperor. On page 16, it states that the Emperor used his subjects as slave laborers to build the Great Wall and suppressed anyone who disagreed with him. The Emperor had also built a massive tomb filled with terracotta soldiers thinking he'd be powerful in the afterlife. (Cotterell)
Writing: On page 11, it says that oracle bones were tortoiseshells or ox bones, which were burned. The Shang kings used the oracle bones to answer important questions. The burnt shell created cracks which answered the questions presented. (Cotterell)
Location: In the text, the author wrote that the Shang Kings ruled Northern China from 1650 B.C to 1027 B.C. Their heartland was the fertile land around the Yellow River (Pg. 10-11). The land of the Yellow River was good for growing crop and all the major dynasties are based around the river. (Cotterell)
Art: On page 56, the text states that from the Shang dynasty onward, Chinese rulers controlled the raw materials and ran government factories manned by skilled artisans who applied their crafts to different stages of the manufacturing processes. Artisans were valued as the most important members in the dynasties because they made tools and weapons made of bronze. In the Chinese dynasties, China was a major exporter of bronze, jade, silk, lacquer, and porcelain. (Cotterell)
Mesopotamia
Writing: On page 12, it says "As the first cities arose, people began to require records of ownership, business deals, and government". They Sumerians started writing by using a reed to make marks in clay tablets. (Steele)
Art: On page 28, it says "They were molding clay into simple pots by eighth millennium BCE". They would make decorative pots and vases out of clay. (Steele)
Location: On page 6, it said that "most of ancient Mesopotamia lay within the borders of modern Iraq." Mesopotamia was located between two rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates river. (Steele)
Architecture: On page 24 it says "Like the ancient pyramids of Central America, ziggurats formed part of sacred precincts, which were thought to be the earthly dwelling places for worship built during 2112-2095 BCE (Steele). Ziggurats were built with straw and mud, meaning they didn't have cement or marble.
Government: On page __, it says "--". Mesopotamian governments were theocracies led by a leader believed to be holy in some form (Either be descendants from a god or was given the position by a holy figure).
Religion: On page 14, it says "The Sumerians worshipped many gods", this means they were polytheistic. Each city had their own deity they worshipped. (Steele)
Ancient Egypt
Location:
On page __, it says "--".
The people lived next to the Nile because of how the water would provide nutrients to the soil to grow crops
Art: On page 50, it says "Party scenes on tomb walls, songs on papyri, and musical instruments show us how much music and revelry meant to them". The Egyptians made instruments out of wood and strings to create a very primitive version of modern music/art. (Hart)
Architecture: The author wrote "The first pyramid was built as the burial place of King Djoser in c.2650 BCE, by his gifted architect Imhotep (pp. 34-35). It rose in six stages and is called the Step Pyramid (Hart)
Religion: On page 24, it says "The Egyptians worshiped hundreds of different gods and goddesses". Also it states that each district worshipped separate gods (Hart)
Government: On page 10, it says "The king was not only the most powerful and important man in Egypt - he was thought to be a god". The government heavily relied on religion because of it being a theocracy. (Hart)
Writing: On page 34, it says "Scribes had to be experts in writing hieroglyphs, an elaborate form of picture-writing with about 700 different signs". It was deliberately kept complicated so that not too many people could master it and the scribes kept their special positions. (Hart)
Indus Valley
Government: The Indus Valley civilization helped influence the current Indian government in many different ways. On page _, it states that the Aryans developed the caste system which is still used in modern-day India. In the text, it states that "A caste is a social group in which people are born and cannot change". This means that a person will stay in a social class their whole life and cannot change it (https://sites.google.com/mccsc.k12.in.us/history-of-south-asia/home/1500-bc-aryans).
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Religion: Much of what we know about the Indus Valley civilizations can be found in the ancient texts, Vedas. The Aryans believed in a religion called Brahmanism which later inspired Modern Hinduism. In the text, it states that "The religion of the ancient Aryans, known as Brahmanism, was polytheistic and heavily influenced the later development of Hinduism". (https://sites.google.com/mccsc.k12.in.us/history-of-south-asia/home/1500-bc-aryans)
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