Ancient Civilizations

Mesopotamia

Ancient Egypt

Location : On page 6, it said the Tigris and Euphrates rivers flowed together through the Middle East. Originally the people that lived their didn't have a name for it but the greeks called it Mesopotamia. image

Architecture : The book mentions that the Ziggurats temples were meant to represent a mountain as to earth reaching up to the heavens. The temples were similar to the egyptian pyramids though they server different purposes. image

Writing : On page 12 it says," At first they used picture symbols to represent objects such as cattle, grain or fish." By 3300 BCE the citizens of Uruk were using about 700 different symbols or photographs. image

Art : By the eighth millennium BCE they had been molding clay pots. By 3000 BCE, metal workers were mixing tin with copper to produce the tough alloy called bronze. image

Government : The book states that,"Sumerian kings claimed to rule by the will of the gods and therefor had to perform certain religions duties." This meaning that their leaders ruled based on their religions. image

Religion : Their religions were mostly, if not all, believed in multiple gods and goddesses. The temples they build were meant to worship their gods. image

Architecture : On page 20 is states that,"The pyramids were intended to protect the bodies of pharaohs buried deep inside them." It also mentions that," Falce doors were built in to stop robbers in pursuit of the riches that were often buried with the kings." (HART) image

Art : On page 56 is states that," Glints of gold can be seen everywhere in egyptian jewelry." It also says that," Egyptian jewelry also had access to semiprecious stones from the desert including orange/red carnelian, green feldspar, and mauve amethyst." (HART) image

Location : On page 8 it says,"Desert covers more than 90 percent of Egypt." It also states that," Called the "Red Land," the desert supported only small settlements in wadis and oases." (HART") image

Writing : On page #34 it says," They could be written left to right, right to left or top to bottom." It also shows that they wrote in pictures or "hyroglifics." (HART) image

Religion : As the book states on page 24," The Egyptians worshiped hundreds of different gods and goddesses." This meaning that the egyptians were in a polytheistic religion. (HART) image

Government : The pharaoh was the leader of egypt and was thought of as a king, priest and a living god. On page 12 the book states that," When people approached the king, they often kissed the ground at his feet." (HART) image

Ancient India

Ancient China

Trade: On page 58, is states that under the Mongols rule, or the Yuan dynasty, during 1279 to 1368. Under their control was the entire length of the Silk Road, which helped to get trade from Europe to the end of Asia. Some of the most commonly traded goods were silk, spices, tea, porcelain, and lacquerware. image

Government: On page 16, it states that the Great Wall of china was built by dirt being pushed into a sort of mold for the wall. The main people that would build the wall were peasants whom had been had been forced to work. image

Writing: On page 11, it states that a shang king would use an oracle bone to consult matters with ancestral spirits. The bones would normally be from an ox or a tortoise shell, that would have written questions carved into it. The bone would then be put over a fire until it cracked which would then give the answer got the questions asked. (Cotterell) image

Location: On page 40, mongol Emperors ruled china they controlled the length and who sold .chinese merchants made a lot of money for selling silk spices teas porcelain.(cotterell) image

Art: On page 57, it states that during the early Ming dynasty, there had been a product used for coloring objects called cloisonne. This was often used for coloring designs on decorations or palace ornaments. A lot of the time these objects would be paired with gold trimmings. image

Architecture:

Religion: On page 26, the book states that chinese religions were split into three different beliefs. These religions were Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism. Confucianism and Daoism emerged in China during the Warring State period, while Buddhism came from India. image

Religion: Throughout the region there were two main religions of Hinduism and Buddhism. Though there was likely a small amount of other religions such as Christianity and Judaism, it was rare. image

Writing: Though there is little to no evidence showing of how Ancient India's people live, there are small bits of writing. Two pieces that were found were poems, written by Mahabharata and Ramayana. There poems were stories of kings, wards and heros. image

Art: Throughout the architecture there are often lots of colorful tiles. Lots of colors can be found throughout the streets in many things such as clothing or pottery. Many of they higher classes have brightly colored clothing. image

Government: In the region, there was a social structure called the caste system. There are technically five different classes, though one of them in considered to be outcasted or below the social structure. The most powerful class were the priests while the lowest rank was the untouchable. image

Trade: The majority of Southern Asia trades with each other to get their needs. Some of the main countries are China and India. A lot of traded goods are cattle, sheed, paints, ect. image

Architecture: Throughout the city were many, well planned out housing units. The walls of these buildings were built specially to protect the inside of the house from outsides and floods. For their time, the houses were very advanced. image

Location: In the subcontinent of South Asia, the main countries are India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Nepal. The two main rivers are the Indus and Ganges rivers. The subcontinent only takes up about a third of the Asian continent. image