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Ancient Civilizations - Coggle Diagram
Ancient Civilizations
Mesopotamia
Location: On page 6 it said "that ancient greeks called it Mesopotamia meaning between the rivers" Ancient Mesopotamia was in the borders of modern day Iraq (Steele) 
Writing
"The sumerians devised the worlds first script or writing system." "By around 3300 bce the citizens of Uruk were using about 700 different symbols and pictographs." (Steele)
Government
"The sumerian's name for their land kie en gir may have meant land of the civilized lords." City state rulers were honored with various titles such as en (lord) ensi (governor) or lugal (king). (Steele)
Architecture: On page 24 it says"A lasting symbol of ancient mesopotamia is the ziggurat a massive terraced platform made of brick." Also on page 24 it says "Ziggurats looked similar to stepped pyramids of ancient egypt which were used as tombs but ziggurats were used as sacred precincts. (Steele) "
Art: "The mesopotamians many technologies and crafts at an early age in their history." "They molding clay into simple pots by 8th millennium BCE." (Steele)
Religion: "The sumerians worshipped many gods and goddesses." This means they were polytheistic. "They believed that the stars travelling across the sky were cows of sin or Nanna, the horned moon god"(Steele)
Ancient Egypt
Government
"The king was not only the most powerful and important man in Egypt, he was also thought to be a god. "He was known as the pharaoh that derive s from a respectful way of referring to the king by referring to him as the great house which meant the palace in which he lives (Steele)
locations
"Desert covers more than 90% of the land in egypt." " The egyptians lived on the banks of the nile river or beside canals extending from it." (Steele)
Art
"The egyptians enjoyed life to the full." "Party scenes on tomb walls,songs on papyri, and musical instruments show us how much music and revelry meant to them."(Steele)
Religion
"The egyptians worshipped hundreds of gods and goddesses sometimes it gets hard to tell who is who." " Many of the gods represented animals for example a baboon may of represented the god named Thoth, god of wisdom." (Steele)
writing
'Egyptian picture writing or hieroglyphs is one of the world"s oldest scripts. "There are over 700 symbols in all, after 400 CE, hieroglyphs were no longer used." (Steele)
architecture
"The first pyramid was built for King Djoser in c. 2650 BCE by his gifted architect Imhotep it rose in six stages and is called the step pyramid." "It was supposed to represent a gigantic stairway for the king to climb to join the sun god in the sky. (Steele)
Indus River Valley
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Government: India runs a caste system which is a lot like the feudal system run in Japan. Brahmins are priests and teachers, kshatriyas are Warriors and so on until untouchables who are the worst of the worst. During Ashoka's reign the empire was divided into 4 different areas called provinces.
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Location
On page 6 it says "vast deserts and mountain ranges cut off china from other cultures in India. West Asia, and europe, and many hundreds of years passed before the chinese realized in 216 B.C. that other civilizations existed. China's structure played a key role in keeping its national stability. The civil service established by the first Han emperor helped successive dynasties govern the huge population wisely and effectively. (Cotterell 6)
Art
On page 56 it says that the arts and commodities were a big part of China's exports. Also it says "Chinese bronze , jade, silk, lacquer, and porcelain were prized in Asia and Europe." Another fact one page 56 is "After the scholars and the peasant farmers, artisans were considered the most important in china (Cotterell 6)
Religion
On page 12 it says confucious believed in respect and family relationships. It also says that a good ruler should set a an example by being fair with his peasants or subject by only using force as a last resort. Confucious encouraged ancestor worship because it tightened family loyalties. (Cotterell 12)
Writing
The author wrote that shang kings used oracle bones to talk to ancestors to see what the future held. They wrote this down on ox bones or tortoiseshells and placed it in a fire. They judged the bone by how it cracked in the fire. (Cotterell 11)
Trading/Commerce
On page 58 it says " Trade flourished among the Mongol or Yuan dynasty." It also says "International trade thrived because caravans could travel without danger." As well it says "Chinese merchants amassed large fortunes by exporting luxury goods such as silk,spices, tea, porcelain, and lacquerware.
Architecture/Inventions
On page 22 it said "In the middle ages many Chinese inventions were traded along the silk road where some had an enormous impact." It also says "In time paper and printing dramatically improved communications; gunpowder changed the way in which battles were fought." It also says "a harness for draft animals also improved agriculture" (Cotterell 22)
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