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Not So Mellow Yellow, caused by, lead to, causes, lead to, caused by,…

- - - - chronic hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, drugs, alcoholic liver disease
  - - - TGF-beta from stellate cells mediate fibrosis
  - - - Portosystemic shunts
      - Ascites
      - Congestive spenomegaly
    - - Mental state changes
      - Hyperestrenism
      - Jaundice
    - - coagulopathy
      - hypoalbuminimeia with edema
- - - - Increased serum UCB
  - - - Increased serum UCB
  - - - Increased serum UCB
  - - - Increased serum UCB
- - - - ELISA
      - HAV
        
        IgM- anti-HAV
        
        IgG anti-HAV
      - HBV
        
        HBsAG, IgM anti-HBc
        
        IgG anti-HBc, HBsAg
        
        HBeAg, HBV DNA
      - HCV
        
        anti-HCV (C33c, C22-3, NS5), HCV RNA
        
        anti-HCV (C100-3, C33c, C22-3, NS5, HCV RNA
      - HDV
        
        HBsAg, IgM-HDV
      - HEV
        
        IgM anti-HEV
    - - QRT-PCR
  - - - DNA virus
        
        Parenteral
        
        Sexual
      - HBsAg
      - HBcAg
      - HBeAg
    - - RNA virus
        
        parenteral
      - HCV
      - C100-3
      - C22-3
    - - RNA virus
        
        parenteral
        
        Hepatitis B
      - HDV
      - HBsAg
    - - RNA virus
        
        fecal-oral route
      - HAV
    - - RNA virus
        
        fecal-oral route
      - HEV
  - - - health care workers
  - - - chronic HCV with no liver damage
        
        chronic HCV with liver damage
        
        liver cirrhosis
        
        liver cancer
        
        liver failure
- - - - Spleen mainly
      - Liver
    - - Liver
      - Gallbladder
      - Intestine
  - - - Spleen mainly
      - Liver
    - - Help in Digestion
- - - - Deposition of ECM which will replace the normal liver tissue
        
        Fibrosis #
- - - - Decrease in all chronic liver disease
    - - IgG
        
        Increase in autoimmune hepatitis
      - IgA
        
        Increase in alcoholic liver disease
    - - Prolonged when 80% of liver reserve capacity is lost
  - - - Elevated in
        
        ● Infective/alcoholic hepatitis
        
        ● Hepatocellular carcinoma
        
        ● Obstructive jaundice
        
        ● Intra-hepatic cholestasis
        
        ● Bone disease
      - Non liver specific
    - - Elevated in infective hepatitis,
        prostate cancer and alcoholics
  - - - Liver specific
      - Elevated in
        
        Cirrhosis, hepatitis C
        
        Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
        
        Alcoholic hepatitis
        
        Acute hepatitis
    - - Non specific
      - Elevated in
        
        Chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and
        liver cancer
- - - - Hepatic lymph nodes
      - Portal vein
      - Right and left hepatic ducts
        
        Common hepatic duct
        
        Common bile duct
        
        Major duodenal papilla
      - Autonomic nerves
      - Right and left hepatic arteries
    - - Ventral mesogastrium
    - - Portal triad
        
        Sinusoids
      - Central vein
  - - - Smooth muscles
      - Perimuscular CT
      - Mucosa
      - Serosa
- - - - Adenofovir
      - Tenofover
      - stops elongation
    - - Lamivudine
      - Entecavir
    - - Peginterferon alpha 2a
      - Inhibits Viral RNA translation
  - - - Sofosbuvir
    - - Voxilaprevic
      - Glecaprevir
    - - Ribavirin