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IRS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - tunable/reconfigurable tunable/reconfigurable
      - copper plate
      - control circuit
      - IRS controller
      - Sensor (optional)
    - - mechanical actuation
      - functional materials
      - electronic device
        
        Example
        
        positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diodes
        
        field-effect transistors (FETs)
        
        microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switches
        
        widely adopted
        
        fast response time
        
        low reflection loss
        
        low energy consumption
        
        hardware cost
- - - - planar surface comprising passive reflecting elements to induce a controllable amplitude and/or phase change to the incident signal independently
    - - achieve smart and reconfigurable wireless channels/radio propagation
      - Flexible reconfiguring signal propagation/wireless channels between transmitters - receivers 2 achieve desired realizations and/or distributions
    - - By (1) => implemented with orders-of-magnitude lower hardware/energy cost (vs. active antenna arrays or active surfaces)
      - By (4) => great flexibility + compatibility
      - By (2) => competitive advantages (vs. half-duplex relay: low spectral efficiency/ FD relay: sophisticated techniques
      - By (3) => easily mounted on/removed from environment objects for deployment/replacement
    - - (1) Reflecting elements (low-cost printed dipoles) only passively reflect impinging signals without transmit RF chains
      - (2) operates in full-duplex, no antenna noise amplification/ self-interference
      - (3) low profile, light weight + conformal geometry
      - (4) serve as auxiliary device
  - - - properly designed 2 achieve cooperative signal focusing and/or interference cancellation in its local proximity
      - jointly designed with the BSs’/users’ transmissions 2 optimize their E2E communications
    - - difficult to acquire CSI between IRS - its serving BSs/users
      - large number of reflecting elements => more associated channel coefficients to be estimated
    - - re-investigated: different array architectures + operating mechanisms of IRS vs. active BSs/APs and relays