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Histology, Connective Tissue, Epithelial Tissue, Muscular Tissue, Types of…
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Connective Tissue
Areolar (loose-proper): Gel-like matrix with all three fiber types, fibroblasts, macrophanges, mast cells, and some white blood cells.
Function: Wraps and cushions organs
phagocytize bacteria, impotant role in inflammation,
holds and conveys tissue fluid
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Adipose (loose-proper): Matrix, very sparse, closely packed fat cells, nucelus is pushed to the side by fat droplets
Provides reserve food fuel, insulates against heat loss, and supports and protects organs.
Under skin in subcutaneous tissue,
around kidneys and eyeballs, within
abdomen and in breasts,
Hyaline (Proper-Cartilage): Amorphous but firm matrix, collagen fiber form an imperceptible network, chondroblasts produce the matrix and when mature lie in lacunae.
Supports and reinforces, serves as
resilient cushion, resists compressive stress
Forms most of the embryonic skeleton,
covers ends of long bone in joint cavities,
forms coastal cartilage of the ribs, cartilages
of the nose, trachea, and larynnx.
Reticular (loose-proper): Loose network of reticular fibers in a gel-like ground substance, reticular cells lie on fiber.
Fibers form a soft internal skeleton
that support other cells types (white
blood cells, mast cells, and macrophanges)
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Regular (dense-proper): primarily parallel collagen fibers, a few elastic fibers, major cell is fibroblast
Attaches muscles to bone/muscles, bones to bones,
withstands great tensile strength when pulling
force is applied in one direction
Tendons, most ligaments, and aponeuroses
Irregular (dense-proper): primarily irregularly arranged, collagen and elastic fibers, major cell type is fibroblast.
Withstands tension exerted in many
directions, Provides structural strength
Fibrous capsules of organs and joints,
dermis of skin, and submucosa of digestive tract
Elastic (dense-proper): Dense regular connective tissue, containing a lot of elastic fibers.
Allows tissue to recoil after stretching
maintains a pulsatile flow of blood in arteries,
aids passive recoil of lungs after inspiration.
Walls of large arteries, within
certain ligaments associated with
vertebral column, and within walls of bronchial tubes.
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Fibrocartilage (Proper-Cartilage): Matrix similar to but less firm than that in hyaline cartilage, thick collagen fibers predominate.
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intervertabral discs, pubic symphysis,
discs of knee joints.
Bone (proper-cartilage): Hard, calcifed matrix containg many collagen fibers, osteocytes lie in lacunae (vascularized)
supports and protects, provides levers
for muscles to act on, stores calcium, fat,
and nutrients, marrow inside bones is the
site for blood cell information
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Epithelial Tissue
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Simple Columnar: Single layer of tall cells with round-oval nuclei, microvilli, cillia, or goblet cells.
Absorption, secretion of mucus
enzymes, etc. ciliated types propel
mucus by cilliary action.
Non-cilliated lines most
of digestive tract, gal bladder,
excretory of some glands,
ciliated line the small bronchi,
uterine tubes, and some of uterus
Pseudostratified Columnar: Single layer of cells of differing heights, some not reaching the surface, Nuclei seen at different levels, contains mucus secreting cells and cillia.
Secretes substances (mucus),
propulsion of mucus by ciliary action
Ciliated variety lines the trachea
and most upper respitory tract,
nonciliated in male sperm carrying ducts,
and ducts of large glands.
Stratified Squamous: Thick epithelium composed of several cell layers, base cells are cube/columnar, surface cells are flat. Surface cells are kertanized/dead, basal cells participate in mitosis.
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Nonkertanized: are in moist linings of
the mouth, esophagus, and vagina
Kertanized: are in epidermis of
the skin and dry epitheliums
Transitional: Resembles stratified squamous and stratified cubidol, surface cells are dome shaped.
Stretched readily, permits stored
urine to distended urinary organ.
Lines the uterus, bladder,
and parts of the urethra.
Muscular Tissue
Skeletal: Long cylindrical mutlinucleate cells, obvious striations
Function: Voluntary Movement, locomotion
manipulation of environment, facial expressions,
and voluntary control.
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Cardiac: Branching, striated, uninucleate cells that connect at specialized junctions (intercallated discs)
As it contracts, it propels blood into
circulation, involuntary control
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Smooth: Cells are spindle shaped with central nuclei, no striations, and cells are arranged closely to form sheets.
Propels substances or objects along
internal passageways, involuntary control
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Types of membranes
Cutaneous Membrane(Skin): Kertanized stratified squamous epithelium (epidermis), attached to
a thick layer of connective tissue (Dermis) DRY
Mucous Membrane(Mucosa): Indicates location, not
cell composition, Line exterior body cavity, moist membranes
bathed by secretion, may secrete mucus.
Lamina propria: Epithelial sheet lies over layer of loose C.T.
Serous Membranes (Serous): In closed
ventral body cavities, from simple squamous
epithelium resting on thin loose C.T. special names
give location,
Pleurae: lungs, Pericardium: heart, and peritoneum: abdomen
Nervous Tissue
Nervous: Neurons are branching cells, cell processes that may be quite long extend from nucleus-containing cell body, also contributing to nervous tissue are noncollectable supporting cells.
Function: Neurons transmit electrical signals from
sensory receptors and to effectors,
supporting cells and protect neurons
Location: Brain, spinal cords, and nerve
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All E.T. have two names,
1.Number of cell layers
~ Simple: Single cell layer thick
~ Stratified: 2+ layers thick and protect
- Shape of Cell
~ Squamous: Flattened and Scale-like
~ Cubidol: Box-like
~ Columnar: Tall, column-like
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