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Age related changes in Older Adults, Connection: Renal and Sleep,…
Age related changes in Older Adults
Cardiovascular system
Less efficient myocardial muscle
Decreased contractile strength
Prolonged cardiac cycle
Can't meet demands of activity
Heart valves get more thick and rigid
Calcification
Elasticity reduced
Reduced cardiac output
Aorta becomes dilated :
slight ventricular hypertrophy
thickening of ventricle walls
Endocrine
Thyroid gland atrophies
Diminished adrenal function
ACTH secretion decreases
Insufficient release of insulin
Sleep
Altered Circadian sleep-wake cycles
Internal clock that regulates sleep and wake
Example lets your body know when it's time to sleep
Phase advance common
Bedtime and wake time moves earlier than normal
Female reproductive system
Uterus and ovaries decrease in size
Fallopian tubes become shorter and straighter
Vaginal canal changes
Reduced collagen and adipose tissue
Narrowing of canal
Less lubrication
Hormonal changes
Vulva atrophies
Flattened labia
Loss of subcutaneous fat
Loss of hair
Male reproductive system
Decreased capacity to retain fluids
Atrophy of the testes and reduction in testicular mass
Less live sperm in ejaculation fluid
Takes more time to achieve an erection
Andropause
Decline in testosterone levels
Reduced muscle mass
Erectile dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction
Unable to attain or maintain an erection
GI
Decreases taste sensation
Saliva production decreases
Makes swallowing difficult
Esophageal and stomach motility decreases
Risk for aspiration
Risk for indigestion
Makes eating harder
Decreased elasticity of the stomach
Higher pH in stomach
Atrophy of tongue
Affects taste buds
Decreases taste sensation
Can decrease hunger
Nutrition
Reduced need for calories
Less lean body mass
Basal metabolic rate declines
decreased in activity level
Renal
Size and Weight of kidney decreases
Hypertrophy and thickening of bladder
Decreases ability to expand bladder
Storage capacity reduced
Emptying is more difficult
Glomerular filtration rate decreases
Decreased renal blood flow
and decreased numbers of functioning glomeruli
Affects ability to eliminate drugs
Slowed organ function
Decreased tubular function
Concentration of urine changes
Skin
Lines and wrinkles
Increased fragility
Higher risk for tears, bruising, and pressure ulcers
Visible signs of aging process
Affect body image, reactions from others, socialization
Musculoskeletal
Muscle fibers atrophy
Decrease in number
Fibrous tissue replaces muscle
Tendons shrink and harden
Decrease in tendon jerks
Less reactivity
Bone minerals and mass reduced
Brittleness in bones
Cause more serious fractures
Harder recovery for older adults
Nervous system
Loss of nerve cell mass
Atrophy of brain
Atrophy of spinal cord
Decreased brain weight
Decline of number of nerve cells
Slow nerve conduction
Reaction time slower
Reflexes become weaker
Respiratory
Reduced secretions
Mucus in nasopharynx to be thicker
Chronic tickle in throat
Cough
Trachea stiffens
Cough reflexes reduces
Ability to cough less
Weakened gag reflex
Lungs (smaller)
Respiration and ventilation weaker
Decreased elastic recoil
Alveloi are less elastic
Connection: Renal and Sleep
Nocturia: urinating during the night time which interrupts sleep and can cause falls from darkness
Connection: Respiratory and Skeletal
Loss of skeletal muscle strength in thorax and diaphrgam can contribute to kyphosis and barrell chest seen in older adults
Reduced vital capacity