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1.9 Genetics keywords - Coggle Diagram

- - - - sperm - male sex cell in animals
      - pollen - the male sex cell of plants
      - sexual reproduction - 2 parent reprodcution which allows for new combinations of chromosomes
        
        fertilisation - the moment when the egg and the sperm (or pollen) join
        
        zygote - biological name for the fertilized egg
        
        offspring - general name for the young of the next generation of plants or animals
        
        pollination - a flower's male sex cell moving to the female part of the flower
- - - - homologous chromosomes - a matching pair of genetic structures in the nucleus, one came from the organism's father, and the other from its mother.
      - chromosomes - the structures in the nucleus of a cell which carry the coe, or instructions needed to build the living organism.
        
        DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - the name of the chemical which builds up chromosomes
        
        gene - the code for one particular trait (feature) of an organism, such as hair colour, height, size of feet. It is made of a pair of alleles.
        
        allele - one of a pair of instructions which together create a genotype. one is on the chromosome from the mother, and other on the chromosome from the father.
        
        dominant allele - the trait that will be expressed in the organism if just one of these is present
        
        recessvie allele - two of these must be present before the feature (trait) can be expressed in the organism
        
        genotype - the code for the alleles being discussed; e.g. Bb = one brown eye allele (B) plus one blue-eye allele (b)
        
        heterozygous - when the two alleles are different, e.g. Bb.
        
        homozygous - when both alleles are the same, e.g. BB or bb