HASS Jorja Pagels 2021

Government, Democracy and the Citizen

6 Key Concepts

The Westminster System

Justice

Democratic Values

Participation

Democracy

Rights & Responsibilities

Democracy is a system of government in which people choose their rulers by voting for them in elections. Democracy is a system of running organizations, businesses, and groups in which each member is entitled to vote and take part in decisions.

freedom of speech, expression and religious belief;

freedom of assembly and political participation;

rule of law; and
other basic human rights.

freedom of election and being elected;

The Westminster system is a parliamentary system of government that was developed in England, which is now a constituent country within the United Kingdom

Justice means punishing actions or words that are wrong and upholding things that are good. This helps ensure that wrongs will be ended and rights will be upheld thereby leading to a safer society for everyone.

Participatory democracy emphasizes the broad participation of constituents in the direction and operation of political systems. Etymological roots of democracy

In a democracy, having rights and responsibilities is important. By having rights is gives Australians the power to be how they choose and go into different pathways for there life. While having responsibilities is respecting others beliefs and their lifestyles

Government

3 Levels of Government

State

Local

Federal

It administers (puts into action) laws in relation to defence, immigration, foreign affairs, trade, postal services and taxation.

State government handles Schooling/education, Health care & Transportation.

Local Government covers areas such as Garbage collection, Libraries, Child care centres and everything to do with in a local area such as Stirling or Forrest-field.

Federal government can regulate interstate and foreign commerce, declare war and set taxing, spending and other national policies.

State government is responsible for creating state legislation that can become state law. They are also responsible for approving the state budget and initiating tax legislation

Local government, authority to determine and execute measures within a restricted area inside and smaller than a whole state.

Rights

Rights Before the police

Right to interpreter

Right to an independent adult

Right to remain silent

Right to refuse forensic samples.

Generally do not have to answer questions unless charged (except name & address)

In the event one doesn’t understand English well

If under the age of 18 you have the right to request an appropriate adult (usually parent/guardian) to be present when being questioned.

Such as giving over your hair, saliva, or fingerprints

Political parties

Labour

Liberal

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Australia's Legal System

Types of Law

Civil Law

Deals with disputes between individuals ( family law, contract law, Tort law). If an individual has their rights infringed or is harmed by another person , He/she/they can sue the other part for damaged
Protects individuals by dealing with their disputes over an action (or inaction) that results in loss or harm.

Criminal Law

Statutory Law

Common Law

Law made by parliament

Law made by judges

Parliament

Two Houses of Parliament

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Senate

House of Representatives

The Senate consists of 76 people , which are each elected to represent one of Australia's six states or two territories.

Propose, debate and vote on bills and amendments.

Upper House

Lower House

Governor General

Gives royal assent.

All About Australia

Representative Democracy

Parliamentary System

Federal Monarchy

Constitutional Monarchy

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PARLIAMNET AND GOVERNMENT

Parliament comprises all the members elected to the House of Representatives and the Senate, whilst the Government comprises these members of the given party that has won the most seats in a legislative assembly,

Voting

Factors that influence voting.

Sociological

Psychological

Influences how somebody sees politcs

Influences a voter's personal qualities

Preferential Voting

Preferential voting is when a candidate running for parliament must receive more than half of the votes//Majority.

Why politics use social media.

Politics use social media as a way of campaigning their political parties. They use this tactic as statistic show that advertising through social media influences people to change their views on politics.

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Campaining

Coercion

Social Media

Non legal and legal rules

Non legal rules and legal rules (laws) are different as non legal rules consist of rules that imposed upon an individual and/or group of people so working together is less complicated. Legal rules (Laws) are imposed by the courts and mandatory to follow, they can result in sanction if broken

Laws

Why do we have them?

We have laws to establish boundaries and standards of acceptable behaviour. They also help maintain unified societies by preventing disputes from arising and placing order.

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO

They both deal with different types of disputes, ones against people and one against Australia's Legal System.

Key Principles of justice

Equality before the law

Independent Judicary

Right to appeal

All people must be treated equally before the law, regardless of their race, background, ethnicity or sex.

Why is it imporant?

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Equality before the law is important as it ensure anti-discrimination amongst everybody :D

Allows people to appeal there case if they feel it is unfair or biased. Provided their reasons for appeal are at reasonable grounds.

Why is it Important?

The right to appeal is important as it allows an individual to have their own input on their case and allow any unfair properties to be looked upon and acted upon.

The courts are separate from the elected parliament and government

Why is it important?

Having an independent judicary is important as it ensures nobody, not even the government, can be above the law

Who is disadvantaged by our Legal system?

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Asylum Seekers

Intellectual disabilities

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Refugees

Language Barries

Discrimination

Unable to register/defend themselves

Undermining the Justice System

Coercion of witnesses

Trial by Media

Bribery

Court delays

Taking money from somebody to alter the outcome of a court case or trial.

Impacts how the court views a person due to online influence - Can influence the juries view

Increases cost and causes excessive emotional stress

Forced to answer against their own will

HIERACHY OF WA AND AUSTRALIA

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How are they made?

Made by parliament (mostly)