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Native Cultures of Ecuador - Coggle Diagram
Native Cultures of Ecuador
Valdivia culture
Geographical area: The valdivia culture thrived on the Santa Elena peninsula
Arts and craft: The arts in Valdivia are mostly based on the women of their era. The womanly figures that their art consists of, is made of ceramic type clay. These usually showed off their voluptuis bodies and voluminous hair.
Time: Ecuador between 3500 BCE and 1500 BCE.
Social organisation: They separated the people in their tribes to value all their skills and maximize their chance of survival. There were architects and harvesters that usually didn't go out so that they could house and feed more people
Beliefs: It is not known with certainty which gods they worship, but it is known that women were the ones who ruled the political and religious organization of female culture and that they were so closely related to fertility.
5 facts:
The Valdivia lived in a community that built its houses in a circle or oval around a central plaza.
Valdivian pottery, dated to 2700 BCE, initially was rough and practical.
Valdivians cultivated maize, kidney beans, squash, cassava, chili peppers, and cotton plants.
They were discovered by Emilio Esttrada .
The pre-Columbian Valdivia culture is one of the oldest in the American continent.
Machalilla culture
Geographical area: Machalilla inhabitants inhabited the Ecuadorian Coastal Region, in some places previously populated by the Valdivia Culture. They lived in the south of Manabí and the Santa Elena Peninsula.
Time: ecuador between 1600 and 950 BC.
The vessels with stirrup-shaped handles and designs with red bands were characteristics that identified the artistic activity of the Machalilla culture. In addition, so were the "coffee bean" shaped eyes in their figures.
There is not much information about their religion, although it is thought that they worshipped natural figures such as the sun. One of the particularities that have been discovered in the deposits is that they used to bury the dead inside the houses.
It is presumed that Machalilla was initially an egalitarian society, but that, with time and the specialization of trades, it would have begun to differentiate socially.
5 Facts
The landscape where they developed was characterized by the predominance of mangrove areas and lush tropical rainforest.
The main sources of sustenance were mangroves and also fishing shells, shrimp and crabs.
In these lands, archaeologists discovered villages and cities with ceremonial mounds and cemeteries.
Its economy was mixed, based on agriculture and direct extraction of natural resources.
Ceramic objects improved significantly and were characterized by the presence of a handle or stirrup-shaped grip.
Chorrera culture
Time: Between the years 950 and 350 B.C
Geographical Area: horrera occupied the Coast of Ecuador
Artistic Manifestation: ceramic vaseels and figures
Social Organization:The Chorrera culture would be made up of rather small groups, between 100 and 200 individuals, who would be related to each other by kinship and reciprocity. There would be specialists for the different productive tasks, such as fishermen, farmers, priests and healers.
Beliefs:They had a healer who had herbal knowledge and also consumed coca and hallucinogenic plants that allowed them to have contact with the afterlife. Their whistle-vessels were used in rites and cures, techniques that helped to connect with the spirits through the sound of the object.
5 Facts:
People from Chorrera were inspired by the beauty of nature and its elements.
The period, in which those towns existed, was characterized to have great communication and exchange between regions.
The main business included the exchange of agricultural products and some pebbles such as crystal stones and obsidian stones. These ones were useful to make ornaments and objects of power.
Most chorreras people spent the time cultivating corn, squash, cassava, tomatoes, and beans.
They achieved the implementation of new agricultural technology. It was named "camellones"
