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Older adult older adult, Anna Koenig Gero - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Also known as atopic dermatitis
      - Decline in the immune system, may be more susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus infection
      - Red, dry, itchy skin
      - Used to be known as a childhood condition, but now more people develop it after the age of 60.
    - - Can be linked with other conditions such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease
      - Scaly, red, itchy patches on the skin (elbows, knees, abdomen and scalp)
      - Symptoms tend to be worse in the older adult
      - May be genetic or influenced by the immune system
- - - - Most common infection
      - Can occur from improper cleaning after bowel elimination
      - May cause delirium by carrying the infection to the brain
      - Unsuitable hygienic practices is also a common cause of UTIs
    - - Losing urine involuntarily
      - Related to delirium
      - Can be an effect of weak pelvic muscles
      - Nervous system disturbances
      - Diuretic use
- - - - Most frequent cause of physical disability
      - After the age of 45, it becomes more common in women
      - Cartilage breaks down, leading the bones to rub up against each other
    - - Caused from a lack of calcium
      - Weakens bone by decreasing bone mass and strength
      - Increased a risk of fractures
- - - - Prevalence is 2 times higher in individuals over the age of 60
      - Can be associated with osteoporosis and fall risk factors
      - Poorly reversible airflow obstruction with an abnormal inflammation in the lungs
    - - Lung infection caused from bacteria or fungi
      - Cough and shortness of breath accompany pneumonia in the older adult
      - Normally does not present with a fever
      - Can cause change in functional status
- - - - High blood pressure
      - Frequently undertreated
      - Occurs with vasoconstriction that is associated with aging
    - - Major blood vessels that supply blood to the heart become blocked
      - Angina may occur
      - Plaque build up which limits blood flow
    - - Blood clot that develops in the blood vessel
      - Often occurs in the leg
      - May cause permanent damage in the lungs
- - - - Second most common neurodegenerative disease
      - Only 4% of people are under the age of 50 when they are diagnosed
      - Tremor, rigidity and loss of spontaneous movement are all symptoms
      - Occurs from the death of nerve cells
      - Inhibits ability of CNS to control body movments
    - - Characterized as a "mini stroke"
      - The blood that supplies the brain is quickly blocked
      - Dizziness, difficulty walking, balance issues and numbness on one side of the body
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- - - - Most common cause of dementia
      - Not a normal age related change
      - Increased age is the greatest risk factor
      - Progressive disease
      - A type of dementia that influences thinking, behavior and memory
    - - Abnormal deposits of protein in the brain
      - Progressive disease
      - Lasts an average of 5-8 years from diagnosis to death
- - - - Erectile dysfunction
        
        Unable to reach an erection
        
        Anxiety may worsen the issue
        
        May be caused from diabetes, high blood pressure, Parkinson's and certain medications
      - BPH
        
        May cause kidney, urinary tract or bladder problems
        
        Prostate gland enlargement
        
        Obstruction of urethra
        
        Overflow incontinence
        
        Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
    - - Vaginitis
        
        Inflammation of the vagina
        
        Result in discharge
        
        Itching and pain
        
        Estrogen levels are reduced
  - - - Vulva atrophy
      - Decrease in hormones
      - Vaginal epithelium becomes thin
      - Breast may become saggy
      - Nipples become retracted
    - - Lume narrows
      - Sperm count reduces
      - Atrophy of testes
      - Seminal vesicles become thin
      - Epididymis lose surface cells
- - - - Complications with DM are more common in older adults
      - DM associated with dementia has a much higher chance of becoming hyperglycemic
      - Due to the body being unable to control and produce insulin
    - - Thyroid does not produce and distribute an adequate enough of thyroid hormone in the bloodstream
      - A slower metabolism may occur from this disease
      - More common in individuals over the age of 60 and risk increases with age
      - Older adults may not have as many symptoms, but some include unexplained high cholesterol, joint pain and heart failure.
      - T3 and T4 hormone is decreased
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- - - - Occurs from age related changes in larynx
      - Difficulty swallowing
      - Can intensify with dementia
    - - Presents in an atypical way with several complications
      - Symptoms include trouble breathing, nausea, appetite changes and unexplained weight loss
      - Lesions in the mucosa in the digestive tract
      - Caused by infection of H. pylori
    - - Sacs forming in the colon
      - 50-70% of individuals with this disease are 80 years or older
      - Patients are commonly put on liquid diets