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conformity - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 1 confederate disagreeing: 5.5% conformity rate was reduced by 1/4 from when that group was unanimous
      - The presence of a dissenter enabled the participant to behave more independently
    - - If task difficulty is increased, conformity is increased
    - - One confederate = 0%
      - 2 confederates = 13%
      - 3 confederates = 31.8%
      - Therefore conformity rates increase as the size of the majority increased but after a certain point further increases in size have no effect
  - - - found low levels of conformity in the 1980s
- - - - some showed anxiety but still continued
  - - - Drops to 17.5% when in the office
    - - Bickman authority figure out of the uniform drops to 20%
  - - - Orne and Holland (1968) argued P's knew the shocks weren't real and were just pleasing the experimenter
      - BUT Milgram argued most Ps showed extreme distress and must have thought the shocks were real
    - - The study was highly reliable
        
        Use of standardized procedures so all participants exposed to similar conditions
        
        Replicated over and over again with more than 1000 participants
- - - - The person conforms publicly but continues to privately disagree
      - Strength
        
        Supported by Asch
      - Weakness
        
        It could be argued that an individual also has to privately take on a view to a certain degree to go along with the public opinion
    - - The person conforms publicly as well as privately because they have conformed with the group and they feel a sense of group membership
      - Strengths
        
        Supported by Zimbardo
      - Weaknesses
        
        individual differences, it is unclear how much one person has to value membership of the group before they identify with it
    - - The person conforms publicly and privately because they have internalized and accepted the views of the group
    - - Strengths
        
        Informational social influence
        
        Supported by Lucas (2006)
        
        Supporting evidence
        
        Normative social influence is supported by Asch
      - Limitations
        
        Explanations criticized as it suggests there are two types of conformity and they are separate
        
        Insko et al (1983) argue that the two complement each other
        
        Individual differences are not explained by NSI or ISI
    - - Normative Social influence
        
        Thus occurs when we with to be liked by the majority group, so we go along with them even though we may not agree with them. Following the crowds 'norm' to be liked
      - Informational Social Influence
        
        Occurs when we look to the majority group for information as we are unsure about the way in which to behave
        
        A person will conform because they genuinely believe the majority to be right as we look to them for the right answer
        
        known as internalization