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Problem: Acids are found in everyday life. You will be surprised that…
Problem: Acids are found in everyday life. You will be surprised that acids are found in common household substances, food and in nature. Your task is to choose an acid (not vinegar) in an everyday common substance and determine the acid concentration.
Aim: To determine the concentration of acid in your chosen substance. You will need to determine the percentage by mass, g/L and moles per litre of acid in your sample.
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definitions
Acid: Acids are molecules that release hydrogen ions or protons in a solution. They are generally sour and can dissolve metals.
Acid concentration: The concentration of an acid is a measure of the amount of available acid ions dissolved in a solvent.
Concentration can be measured in moles, parts per million or percentage. The concentration is a ratio of the solute to solvent content of a solution.
Acid strength: The strength of an acid refers to the ease with which the acid loses a proton. A strong acid ionizes completely in an aqueous solution by losing one proton, a weak acid only partly dissociates
Indicator: An acid-base indicator is either a weak acid or weak base that exhibits a color change as the concentration of hydrogen (H+) or hydroxide (OH-) ions changes in an aqueous solution. Acid-base indicators are most often used in a titration to identify the endpoint of an acid-base reaction
types of indicators
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Phenolphthalein (pink), at pH 8.2 becomes pink and is a bright magenta above 10
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Acids that can be used
Citric Acid C₆H₈O₇, H3C6H5O7
Found in citrus fruits and is also used in jams (can be found in lemon juice). Citric acid functions as an additive in foods, preservative, and a cleaning agent and is commonly found in household products. pH: (3.24 1mM) weak organic acid, between 3 and 6. IUPAC name:
Lactic acid C3H6O3: Found in milk and other dairy products, pH: 3.51 1mM
Sulphuric acid H2SO4: Found in drain cleaners, fertilizers, can remove impurities from oils, Oily and highly corrosive, pH: 2.75 1mM
Carbonic acid H₂CO₃: Found in soft drinks (these are safe for consumption but can cause corrosion in other materials), pH: 4.18 (1mM)
Hydrochloric acid : Hydrogen is formed when chloride is dissolved in water, pH: 3.01 (1mM)
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