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Life Under Hitler - Coggle Diagram
Life Under Hitler
Political Impact
Reichstag Fire, Feb 1933
Called for elections in March. Caught fire. Blamed the communists and convinced Hindenburg to invoke Article 48 to establish emergency powers to deal with the communists
Enabling Act, Mar 1933
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One Party Rule, Jul 1933
- Nazi only legal political party in Germany
- Nazi officials took charge of local governments in Germany
- Trade unions dissolved
Night Of The Long Knives, Jun 1934
Convinced that the SA leader, Roehm, was a threat to his leadership. SS arrested and killed Roehm and SA leaders
German army swore their allegiance to Hitler
Creation of Fuehrer Position, Aug 1934
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Social Impact
Propaganda
Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, led by Joseph Goebbels
used media (posters, rallies, marches) to :
- communicate that Hitler was Germany's saviour
- Make people loyal to Nazi rule
- Convince Germans that their future under Nazi rule would be bright
- Stir up anti-semitic sentiments
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Censorship
1933: Reich Chamber of Commerce established:
- To produce any media, the person had to be a member
- Ensured strict control of what Germans should read, watch, listen
Existing information also well dealt with:
- Ransacked libraries and organised book-burning events
- Radio stations controlled by Nazis
- Loudspeakers in public places
- Listening to foreign stations was punishable by death
Rise of Secret Police
Schutz-Staffel, SS
- Elite force of 'Pure Aryan' Germans
- Aim: to destroy Nazi enemies
- SS Death Head's unit: Responsible for the concentration camps for anti-Nazis
- SS-VTs: Nazi Party's personal armed force
Gestapo, Nazi secret police
- Aim: Find and remove threats to the Nazi Party and state
- Power to detain persons without trial
- Used torture, murder, arrest, blackmail to stifle opposition
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Holocaust During WWII
Jan 1942: Plans by Nazi leaders to kill all Jews in Europe
- Death camps, for the mass killings of Jews
- Jews were forced to wear the Star of David
- Sent to ghettos, concentration camps
- Gassed to death
- Cruel experiments performed on jews
- worked to death in factories
- Death marches
- Estimated one-third of Jewish population was killed by end of WWII
Role of women
Guidelines for being an ideal woman in Nazi Germany:
- Should not work for a living
- Should not wear trousers
- Should not wear makeup
- Should not wear high-heeled shoes
- Should not dye or perm their hair
- Should not go on slimming diets
- to be confined to the roles of mother and spouse
- Should best serve the nation as good wive and mothers, and to bear "pure" Aryan children
- Discouraged from university studies
- Young German girls trained in domestic tasks
Hitler Youth
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- Taught anti-semitism and Nazi ideology
- Physical and military training emphasised
- ensured complete loyalty to the Nazis
Economic Impact
Re-employment
- Problem: Massive unemployment n Germany
- Solution: Public work programmes
- Reich Labour Service: Agency to reduce unemployment
This was an important way to reduce unemployment while providing infrastructure facilities for the public
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Control of Trade Unions
All workers had to join the DAF, German workfront
Workers were united in a single body:
- Wages kept low
- Gov permission needed to change their jobs
- Not allowed to strike
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Militarisation
1935: Introduction of conscription, this created jobs
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