Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Cardiovascular diseases - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular diseases
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS
Defination
Is the medical condition that forms when the clot form below the skin, ussually in the legs. The clot can move and logde in the lungs.
-
Clinical manifestations
Redness in the area, pain and oedema
-
HYPERTENSION
-
-
Causes
○excess salt intake
○volume retention from the kidneys
○drug induced Hypertension
○excessive alcohol consumption
○obesity
Nursing managemennt
Nursing diagnosis
○Ineffective self health management related to lack of knowledge of pathophysiology, complications and management of hypertension.
○ anxiety related to complexity of management regimen.
○sexual dysfunction related ti side effects of anti hypertensives.
○Risk for decreased cardiac tissue perfusion related to poor supply of blood.
Expected outcomes
-Achieve and maintain the normal BP
-understand and follow strictly the therapuetic plan
-minimise the symptoms of the condition
-ability to cope with the condition
Treatment
Lifestyle modification
Change diet, exercise, quit smoking, loose some weight if has the morethan normal BMI
-
-
STROKE
Pathophysiology
Occurs when there is sufficient blood supply to the brain and the brain cells are deprived of oxygen and nutrients they require.
Defination
It occurs when the blood vessel in the brain ruptures or bleed and cause poor blood supply to the brain tissues
Etiology
Hemorrhagic stroke, atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke which maybe secondary to cerebral embolus, cerebral thrombosis and cerebral infarction.
Nursing management
-
-
-
Evaluation
Strong body muscles, vital parameters thay are within the normal ranges and enough blood supply to the brain.
Signs and symptoms
Difficulty in speaking, gait and paralysis of limbs
HEART FAILURE
Defination
Is an abnormal clinical syndrome that involves the insufficient pumping or filling of the blood in the heart.
Nursing management
Nursing diagnosis
Decreased cardiac output related to poor myocardial contractility as evidenced by increase heart rate
Ineffective tissue perfusion due to reduced cardiac output that may be evidenced by chest pains, weakness, bradycardia and dyspnea.
Impaired gas exchange due to alveolar edema that may be evidenced by coughing, difficulty in breathing, shortness of breath and fatigue.
Nurisng interventions
-
Assess for respiratory rate, Monitor O2 saturation and ABG findings.
Auscultate lung fields for the presnece of crackles.
Assess the pain, monitor vital signs, assess cardiac and circulatory status and monitor cardiac rythms.
Expected goal
Decreased episodes of dyspnea, demonstration of adequate cardiac output by maintaining sats and vital signs be on normal ranges
Increased circulation, normal vital signs and absence of dysrythmias
-
Signs and symptoms
-
Chest pains, tachycardia, fatigue, weakness, palpations, wheezing and presence of S3 and S4 heart sounds.
-
Pathophysiology
The heart may be unable to produce sufficient cardiac output to maintain sufficient tissue perfusion.
Increase in ventricular blood volume which is also called preload, this may be secondary to decreased cardiac contractility and ventricular dilation.
Decreased cardiac output triggers increased systematic vascular resistance which result to even further decreased cardiac ouput