Confusional disorder(Delirium) 
Defination
Refers to a serious disturbance in mental abilities resulting into confused thinking and also decreased awareness of the surrounding
Refrences
Burns, A., Gallagley, A. and Byrne, J., 2004. Delirium. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
Fong, T.G., Tulebaev, S.R. and Inouye, S.K., 2009. Delirium in elderly adults: diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Nature Reviews Neurology
Causes
Intoxication
Sleep deprivation
Causes of delirium they are not due to underlying disease
Pharmacological management
Fluid electrolytes for dehydration
Antibiotics
Benzodiazepines
Signs and symptoms
Reversal night-day sleep wake cycle
Quite and withdrawn more especially on adults
Slowed movement or lethargy
Restleness, disturbed sleeping parttens, and hallucinations
Pathophysiology
Neurotransmitter deficiency in brain
During acute illness older people are at risk of experiencing delirium due to congitive reserve
May be due to inflammatory mechanisms and cholinergic
Careplan
Assess level of anxiety
Ask others to assist when you need to
Stay calm and must reassure the patient
Provide safe environment or ensure safety of a client