Neurological muscular disorders

Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis

Definition

It is a rare progressive neuromuscular disorder characterized by loss of motor neurons

Types of neurological muscular disorders

Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis

Muscular dystrophy

Myasthenia gravis

Myopathy

Multiple sclerosis

Amnesia

Multiple sclerosis

Clinical manifestations

Diagnostic tests or studies

Difficult in swallowing and chewing food

Memory loss

Aggressive behaviour may be observed due to severe emotional stress

Unresponsiveness to taste, hear, smells and other senses

Performing repetitive movements

Dizziness

Nursing diagnosis

Electroencephalogram

Blood tests

CT scan and MRI

Cognitive tests

Chemistry of the blood

Taking medical history

Impaired physical mobility related to muscles weakness

Impaired urinary elimination

Insufficient health education and management about the disease

Complications

Involuntary movements

Neurological problem such as depression, hallucinations

Disphasia

Skin breakdown

Nursing management

Nursing care plan

Use drugs such as anticholinergic to enhance the transmission of neuromuscular junction

Dopemine agonists for brain stimulation

Prednisone for immunosuppressive

Surgical procedure include thymectomy for removal of the thymus gland
For other therapies IV immunoglobulins

Maintenance adequate ventilation for patient to promote gaseous exchange

Give prescribed medications

Education about importance of taking balance diet

Educate about importance of taking medication regularly (adherence)

Put a patient in a safe place e.g remove any dangerous things

Risks factors

Age usually from 65 and above

Exposure to toxins such as persticides

Heredity

Males are more at risk

Pathophysiology

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition of the neuromuscular junction as a result of the fluctuating weakness of certain skeletal muscles groups and this increase with the muscle use

It is caused by antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors

Causes

Genetics

Insufficient supply of oxygen in the brain

Brain tumor

Infections diseases such as TB

Traumatic brain injury
and stroke

Family history