Neurological muscular disorders
Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis
Definition
It is a rare progressive neuromuscular disorder characterized by loss of motor neurons
Types of neurological muscular disorders
Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis
Muscular dystrophy
Myasthenia gravis
Myopathy
Multiple sclerosis
Amnesia
Multiple sclerosis
Clinical manifestations
Diagnostic tests or studies
Difficult in swallowing and chewing food
Memory loss
Aggressive behaviour may be observed due to severe emotional stress
Unresponsiveness to taste, hear, smells and other senses
Performing repetitive movements
Dizziness
Nursing diagnosis
Electroencephalogram
Blood tests
CT scan and MRI
Cognitive tests
Chemistry of the blood
Taking medical history
Impaired physical mobility related to muscles weakness
Impaired urinary elimination
Insufficient health education and management about the disease
Complications
Involuntary movements
Neurological problem such as depression, hallucinations
Disphasia
Skin breakdown
Nursing management
Nursing care plan
Use drugs such as anticholinergic to enhance the transmission of neuromuscular junction
Dopemine agonists for brain stimulation
Prednisone for immunosuppressive
Surgical procedure include thymectomy for removal of the thymus gland
For other therapies IV immunoglobulins
Maintenance adequate ventilation for patient to promote gaseous exchange
Give prescribed medications
Education about importance of taking balance diet
Educate about importance of taking medication regularly (adherence)
Put a patient in a safe place e.g remove any dangerous things
Risks factors
Age usually from 65 and above
Exposure to toxins such as persticides
Heredity
Males are more at risk
Pathophysiology
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition of the neuromuscular junction as a result of the fluctuating weakness of certain skeletal muscles groups and this increase with the muscle use
It is caused by antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors
Causes
Genetics
Insufficient supply of oxygen in the brain
Brain tumor
Infections diseases such as TB
Traumatic brain injury
and stroke
Family history