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Vitamin K deficiency - Coggle Diagram
Vitamin K deficiency
Nursing Implementation
Educate the at-risk patient about precautionary measures to prevent tissue trauma or disruption of the normal clotting mechanisms.
When laboratory values are abnormal, administer blood products as prescribed. Blood product transfusions replace blood clotting factors; RBCs increase oxygen-carrying capacity; FFP replaces clotting factors and inhibitors; platelets and cryoprecipitate provide proteins for coagulations.
Educate the patient and family members about signs of bleeding that need to be reported to a health care provider. Early evaluation and treatment of bleeding by a health care provider reduce the risk for complications from blood loss.
For bleeding linked with excessive anticoagulant use, give appropriate antidotes as prescribed. Protamine sulfate reverses the effect of heparin. Vitamin K will counteract the action of warfarin.
Monitor for skin necrosis, changes in blue or purple mottling of feet that blanches with pressure or fades when legs are elevated. Patient on anticoagulant therapy remains at risk of developing emboli.
Let the patient use normal saline nasal sprays and emollient lip balms. These treatments reduce drying and cracking of mucous membranes and therefore reduce the risk of bleeding.
Explain to a sexually active patient the use water-soluble lubricants during intercourse. Lubricants are used to reduce friction and tissue trauma that increase the risk for bleeding.
Teach the patient about measures to reduce constipation such as increased fluid intake and dietary fiber. Hard and dry feces may cause trauma to the mucous membranes of the colon and rectum. Increasing fluid intake and dietary fiber soften the fecal mass for easier defecation.
Inform the patient to check the color and consistency of stools. Bright red blood in the stools is an indicator of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Stool that has a dark greenish-black color and a tarry consistency is linked with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Tell the female patient to inform the health care provider when there is an increase in menstrual bleeding as indicated by an increase in the number of sanitary pads used. Alterations in coagulation may lead to increased blood loss with regular menstruation.
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Causes
take blood thinners, or anticoagulants, which prevent blood clots but inhibit vitamin K activation
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Clinical Manifestation
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Excessive bleeding from wounds, punctures, and injection or surgical sites
Definition
means the person's body cannot produce enough of these proteins, increasing the risk of excessive bleeding
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