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NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS - Coggle Diagram
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
DEMENTIA
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DEFINITION: Dementia is defined by a loss of previous levels of cognitive, executive, and memory function in a state of full alertness
NURSING INTERVENTION:
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• Teach prospective caregivers how to orient client to time, person, place, and circumstances, as required
• Give positive feedback when thinking and behavior are appropriate, or when client verbalizes that certain ideas expressed are not based in reality and enhances desire to repeat appropriate behavior.
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• Do not shout message into client’s ear. Speaking slowly and in a face-to-face position is most effective when communicating with an elderly individual experiencing a hearing loss.
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EPILEPSY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:A seizure results when a sudden imbalance occurs between the excitatory and inhibitory forces within the network of cortical neurons in favor of a sudden-onset net excitation.
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DEFINITION: is defined as a brain disorder characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures and by the neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences of this condition.
NURSING INTERVENTION:
• Prevent trauma/injury. Teach SO to determine and familiarize warning signs and how to care for patient during and after seizure attack
• Promote airway clearance. Maintain in lying position, flat surface; turn head to side during seizure activity
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• Enforce education about the disease. Review pathology and prognosis of condition and lifelong need for treatments as indicated
PARKINSON'S DISEASE
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY loss of neurons in an area of the brain called the substantia nigra pars compacta, and the presence of globs of a protein called alpha-synuclein found in neurons, called Lewy bodies.
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DEFINITION: or paralysis agitans,is a progressing neurologic movement disorder that eventually leads to disability
NURSING INTERVENTION
• Observe patient and assess energy level and endurance, and how these affect respiratory status
• Assess respiratory status for rate, depth, ease, use of accessory muscles, and work of breathing.
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• Assess patient for depressive behaviors, causative events, and orient patient to reality as warranted.
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STROKE
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
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• Visual disturbances, Homonymous hemianopsia
• Hemiparesis, Hemiplegia
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• Receptive aphasia, Global aphasia.
NURSING INTERVENTION:
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• Positioning. Position to prevent contractures, relieve pressure, attain good body alignment, and prevent compressive neuropathies.
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• Have patient sit upright,when eating
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
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•The mitochondria would need to switch to anaerobic respiration, which generates large amounts of lactic acid, causing a change in pH and rendering the neurons incapable of producing sufficient quantities of ATP.
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DEFINITION: ischemic stroke or “brain attack,” is a sudden loss of brain function resulting from a disruption of the blood supply to a part of the brain