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BRONCHITIS IMG_20210912_224255_846 - Coggle Diagram
BRONCHITIS 
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Causes
Being exposed to substances that irritate the lungs such as tobacco smoke, dust, fumes, air pollution, vapors
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Other causes are genetic factors, long term exposure to dust, fumes, air pollution
Occurs when a virus, bacteria or irritant particles trigger an inflammation on the bronchial tubes.
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Clinical manifestations
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Cough, production of mucus, can be clear, white, yellowish-grey or green.
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References
Wenzel RP, Fowler AA, 16 November 2006. The New England Journal of, "Clinical practice. Acute Bronchitis."
Pathophysiology
Epithelial cells lining the airway respond to toxic, infectious stimuli by releasing inflammatory mediators such as pro-inflammatory cytokines
Chronic bronchitis: thought to be caused by overproduction and hypersecretion of mucus by goblet cells
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Acute bronchitis: cells of the bronchial lining tissue are irritated and the mucous membrane becomes hyperemic and edematous, diminishing bronchial mucociliary function.
Care plan
Elevate head of bed to semi-fowler's position and encourage deep slow breaths so oxygen delivery may be improved and to decrease airway collapse and dyspnea
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Encourage expectoration of sputum and suction when indicated to expel thick, tenacious secretions which block airway
Ineffective airway clearance due to excessive thickened secretions; the nurse has to assess respiratory rate, depth. So as to evaluate the degree of respiratory distress and severity of disease