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Histology Pt.1, Example - Coggle Diagram

- - - - detectspolysacchrides, glycogen, mucin
    - - Muscles, RBC (red), Collagen (blue), Cytoplasam (pink) nuclei (black)
- - - - GAGs (glycosaminoglycans) - inflexibale polysacchrides that provide stiffness and viscosity to the matix = low compressibility
      - GAGs are hydrophillic and trap water = 10% of GS is GAGs and the remainder is water
      - Ex. hyularonic acid
  - - - Major Types (I, II, III, IV)
        
        Type I = resist tensile forces
        
        Type II = (cartilage) compressibilty/shock adsorption
        
        Type III = reticular fibers found in the Basement membrane for attachement
        
        Type IV = sheetlike found in BM, external laminae, lens capsules
    - - Forms elastic fibers which are covalently linked
    - - A glycoprotein that forms fibrils to organise the elastin fibers into elastic fibers
    - - Circulates in tissue plasma and is important in tissue repair
  - - - The primary connective tissue cell
      - Flat-ovoid shpe = secrete/maintain the ECM
      - Nb: appearance depends of activity (inactive cells often refered to as fibrocytes)
    - - Build the ECM of bone
    - - Build the ECM of cartilage
    - - Exihibit smooth muscle contractility (ie lots of actin filamanets)
    - - Pluripotent cells able to differnetiate into any c.t. cell
- - - - Form the epidermis, fingernails and toenails, hair
      - Sweat and sebaceous glands, salivary glands and the mucous glands of the mouth and nose
      - Tooth enamel
    - - Form the inner lining of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.
    - - Digestive and respiratory tract (except the mouth and nasal cavity) and the glands secreting into the digestive tract,
  - - - Ex. Squamous = endothelium in blood or lymphatic vessels
      - Ex. Cuboidal = small salivary ducts (secretion/adorption)
      - Ex. Columnar = GI tract (mucos secretion/adorsption)
    - - Ex. Pseudocolumnar = nasal cavity (often ciliated)
      - Ex. Statified squamous = keratinised or non-keratinised seen in the gingiva or mucosa of cheek
        
        Features include rete ridges/pegs = connective tissue papillae
- - - - GAGs and laminin = Barrier to transport
      - Substrata
        
        Lamina lucida
        
        Lamina densa
    - - Type IV collagen = provides strength
      - associated with hemidemosomes - by way of a collagen fiber network
- - - - actin fibers are linked via cadherins proteins - they incircle adjacnet cuboidal/columar cells together
      - basal to tight junctions
      - regulate cell architecture and transmit mechnaical forces between adjacent cells
    - - Intergrins anchor cells to the extra cellular matix
      - prodvide adhesion and intermechanical signalling
    - - Intacellular plaques form strong adherent bonds by linking intermediate filaments of neihbouring cells together
      - desmoglein and desmocollin = cadherins
    - - half a desmosome - anchors the epitjhelial cell to the ECM
      - protrudes from the cell in to the lamina lucida
    - - Made up of several hundred pores. A pore is a six-protein subunit (connexon) of which half is found in each cell
      - Direct cell-cell signallng (K+, Ca++, cAMP, gluscose ect)
      - Quick turnover, allowing for fast adaptation