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Integumentary System Joseph Gonzales P.5 - Coggle Diagram
Integumentary System Joseph Gonzales P.5
Layers of the skin
Dermis
binds the epidermis to underlying tissues
Genetically determined pattern of friction ridges formed by dermal papillae provide for unique fingerprints
consists of areolar and dense CT with collagen and elastic fiber
dermal blood vessels carry nutrients to upper layers of skin, to help regulate body temperature
Dermal blood vessels
carry nutrients to upper skin
regulates body temp
Location
Border between epidermis/dermis (uneven)
Dermal papillae= extend up toward epidermis
Epidermal ridges= extends down towards dermis
Hypodermis (technically not part of skin)
the layer of tissue that underlies the skin.
beneath the skin
Binds skin to underlying tissues, but is not part of the skin
Adipose tissue to conserve body heat
Contains major blood vessels that supply the skin
Epidermis
4 layers in thin skin; 5 in thick skin
Stratum granulosm
help to form a waterproof barrier that functions to prevent fluid loss from the body
Keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum are flatter and more irregular in shape
Stratum lucidum
layer between the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum,
found only in the thick skin of the palms and soles
Stratum spinosum
partly responsible for the skin's strength and flexibility
keratinocytes move into the next layer, stratum granulosum
Stratum Basale (stratum germinativum)
innermost layer, dividing layer
the deepest layer
well nourished by dermal blood vessels
basal cells divide called keratinocytes
keratinocytes harden, dehydrate, and die, in a process called keratinization
keratin waterproofs the skin
Stratum corneum
outermost layer
dead, flattened, keratinized cells
these are continually being shed from the outer skin surface
avascular
lacks blood supply
made up of stratified squamous epithelial
protects against water loss, mechanical injury, chemicals, and microorganisms
Melanocytes
produces pigment; melanin
found in deepest layer of epidermis and dermis
protects DNA of skin cells against damaging effects of UV radiation from the sun
pigment provides skin and hair color
the more melanin that is produced, the darker the skin will get
Major functions of the skin
Protection
prevents many foreign substances and pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria) from entering the body
underlying tissue
our skin makes vitamin D
produced by UV radiation from the Sun
Vitamin D
Calcium storage
milk, orange juice has it
gets the vitamin D from the sun
House Sensory Receptors
found in dermis
houses many receptors like heat, cold, pain, pressure, movement, and vibration
Body Temp Regulation
Sweat glands
vasodilatation of dermal blood vessels
proper regulation is vital in maintaining metabolic reactions
Healing of Wounds
Inflammation
Dilation of blood vessels become permeable and will look red and swollen
dilating blood vessels bring fluid, oxygen, brings nutrients, and immune cells to aid in healing
Redness
more blood in area
Heat
Large amount of blood accumulating in area and increases metabolic activity in tissue
Swelling
increased permeability of blood veseels
fluids leave the blood into tissue spaces (edema)
Pain
In jury to neurons
increased pressure from edema
DOES NOT CONTAIN FEVER!
Deep Wound Healing
response to deep injury
extends into dermis or subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)
formation of blood clotting
a scab is formed from dried blood clot and tissue fluid
DOES NOT HAVE INFLAMMATION!
Skin Cancer
Carcinomas
Most common cancer
Most common in neck, face, and scab
Affects light skin people (regularly exposed to light)
Develops from hard, dry, scaly, reddish bases
May be fat or raised, firmly adhere the skin
Melanoma
ABCDE Rule
B= border (irregular)
C= Color (more than one)
A= Asymmetry
draw a line through the middle of the lesion, the two halves don't match
D= Diameter (6 millimeters or more)
Checklist for melanomas
E= Evolution or change
Affects all ages
Spreads Horizontally
may thicken, survival rate is low
Surgery during horizontal may arrest cancer for every 6 to 7 cases
Caused by intense exposure from sunlight
Appears on back of limbs (on the skin)
Melanocytes
Melanocarcinomas
Malignant melanomas
Cutaneous melanomas
Radiation
UVA/UVB (Ultraviolet)
Different wavelengths of energy
Can cause cancer and can be used to kill cancer
Rule of Nine
Calculates percentage of burns that damages the body
Back of Head - 4.5%
Face - 4.5%
Torso - 18%
Back - 18%
Right arm - 4.5%
Left Arm - 4.5%
Perineal - 1%
Front and back leg - 9% both equalling 18%
Degree Burns
Third Degree (full thickness burn)
destroys dermis and subcutaneous layer
kills nerves
since the nerves are dead the pain wont be immediate
will need immediate medical treatment and skin graphs since the skin was destroyed
Second Degree (partial thickness burns)
destroys some epidermis and partially the dermis
forms blisters
the injured area becomes moist
will induce a lot of pain
will need medical treatment
First Degree (superficial burn or wound)
not as severe, may leave scarring
does not need medical treatment