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NURSYIFA WAHIDAH BINTI IKMALHISAM
012020072139
ASSIGNMENT 2 CLINICAL…
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DRUG ALIMENTARY SYSTEM
A. ORAL & THROAT PREPARATION AGENT
Classification
Antibiotic
- Normally used for anti-infective and antiseptics purpose for local oral treatment
Neomycin
Indication:
- Topical administration
- Activity against many aerobic gram negative
and gram positive bacteria.
Reaction:
- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
Administration:
- Topical creams
- Ointments
- Lotions
Side effect:
- Allergic reaction
- Dizziness
Antiseptic
Povidone-iodine gargle
Indication:
- Used as a mouthwash.
- For the antisepsis of mucosal or gingival surfaces.
- As an adjunct in oral, surgical and dental practice.
- Symptomatic relief of minor throat infection
Betadine sore throat gargle
Reaction:
- Kill microorganism such as bacteris, fungi, protozoa and bacterial spores
Anesthesia
- Commonly used for dental anesthetics
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Preparation used in common minor infections of :
- Mouth and throat
- Gingivitis
- Stomatitis
B. DRUGS TO TREAT NAUSEA AND VOMITING
Antiemetics
Act as a antagonist to:
- Dopamine
- Histamine (H1 antihistamines)
- Serotonin
- Acetyl-choline
Classification:
- Antihistamine
- Anticholinergics
- Dopamine antagonist
- Benzodiazepines
- Serotonin antagonist
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ANTIDIARRHEAL DRUGS
Types
Opiods
- Reduces the muscles contractions of the intestines
- Help to relieve pain in the lower abdomen associated with frequent contractions of the intestinal muscles
Common drug:
- Codeine phosphate
- Loperamide
Adsorbents
- Control the consistency of the faeces and to regulate
intestinal action
- The absorption of toxins and other substances that
produce diarrhea
Common drug:
- Bismuth subsalicylate
- Attapulgite
ANTI ULCERS
Used to:
- Drugs that neutralize excess acid to help peptic ulcer to heal
- Relief the discomfort caused by GERD
Group :
- Antacids
- Histamine2 Blockers
- Pepsin Inhibitors
- Anticholinergics
- Gastrointestinal stimulants
- Prostate gland analogue
- Tranquilizers
- Proton pump inhibitors
Antacids
- Treat the symptoms caused by acid in the digestive juices
- Orally
- Neutralizing acidity in the digestive juices, thereby allowing eroded areas in the mucus layer to recover
Types
Systemic
Examples:
- Sodium bicarbonate
- Calcium carbonate
Reaction (Sodium bicarbonate):
- The high solubility of bicarbonate results in a fast and rapid antacids action in the stomach
Non-systemic
Examples:
- Magnesium trisilicate
- Magensium phosphate
Reaction (Magnesium trisilicate):
- Work by binding to and neutralising excess acids
Histamine2 Blockers
- Block the H2 receptor of the parietal cells in the stomach and reducing gastric acid secreation
Used in:
- Dyspepsia
- Treat duodenal ulcer
- Treat stomach-ellison disease
- To relieve heartburn, acid indigestion and sour stomach
Common drugs:
- Famotidine (pepcid)
- Zantac
-Ranitinide
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