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History ch3 class 8 - Coggle Diagram
History ch3 class 8
Crisis of bengal
The company reduced the buying cost by a lot
The revenue system of Bengal collapsed
Artisans deserted the place
Peasants were unable to pay the company the fee
A famine killed 10 million people in Bengal (1/3 of the total population) :warning:
The company got less revenue income
IMPORTANT STUFF
1765 - August 12 - company becomes diwan of bengal
Mahalwari system - 1822
Permanent settlement - 1793
1859 - Blue rebellion
Indigo
ABOUT INDIGO
The price of Indigo was very high
Competing crop - WOAD
Grown in temperate zones
dull blue
Bright blue
Grew only in fertile land
Grows in the tropics
Indian Indigo
Nij cultivation
Required planters to have large fertile lands in compact blocks
Labour was required in harvesting
At the time of indigo cultivation, peasants were busy with rice cultivation
Planters needed a lot of ploughs for large scale cultivation of Indigo
Ryoti system
Planters forced ryots to sign a contract
The planters gave the ryots seeds, and drill
They gave the ryots cash advances at low interest rates
The ryots had to cultivate indigo on 25% of their land
PROCESS OF PRODUCTION
After harvest the leaves stripped off the plant and are soaked in hot water in the fermenting vat
The rotten leaves were taken out, and the water was drained into the beater vat
The solution was beaten and stirred constantly till it turned green then turned blue.
Lime water was added and indigo became into flakes
The sedimented part was taken to the settling vat
At last this sediment (indigo pulp) was dried and pressed for sale
Blue rebellion
In march 1859 thousands of ryots refused to grow indigo
Armed with swords, spears, bows, arrows, materials of the beating vat; the farmers attacked the planters
People who came to collect rent were beaten up
They attacked the planters with the help of zamindars, village headmen, etc
At last Queen Victoria declared that the farmers dont need to sow more indigo
The British government set up a indigo commission
INDIGO COMMISSION
The commission held the planters guilty for the coercive methods used with indigo cultivators
The commission told the ryots to fulfil their existing contracts
They could refuse to grow Indigo in the future
Improving agriculture
Permanent settlement
Rajas and taluqdars become zamindars
The revenue to be paid was fixed permanently
The zamindar benefitted more than the state
Anyone who failed to pay lost their zamindari
Invvented in 1793
Invented by Charles Cornwallis
Mahalwari system
The estimated revenue of the plots in a village were added and this was the revenue to be paid
The demand of revenue was revised periodically and not fixed permanently
The charge of collecting revenue was given to the village headman instead of zamindars
Invented in 1822
Invented by Holt Mackenzie
The company benefitted more
Munro system
The settlement was directly made with the farmers (ryots)
They knew what to do as they tilled the land for generations
The ryots' farms had to be carefully and separately surveyed before the revenue assessment
Invented by Alexander Reed and Thomas Munro
Invented in 1820
