Properties of Matter
Matter has observable properties
Changes of state are physical changes
Properties Are used to identify substances
Substances have characteristic properties
Chemical properties describe how substances form new substances
Physical properties describe a substance
Physical Properties
Density
Physical Changes
Physical properties of clay can be observed without changing the fact that this substance is clay
Density is a measure of the amount of matter in a volume of substance
A physical change is a change in any physical property of a substance, not in the substance itself
Chemical Properties and Changes
Signs of a Chemical Change
Chemical properties describe how substances can form new substances
The change of one substance to another substance is called a chemical change
Production of an odor
Change in Temperature
Change in Color
Formation of a Solid
Formation of Bubbles
Matter can change from one state to another
Liquids can become gasses, and gasses can become liquids
Solids can become liquids, and liquids can become solids
When matter changes state, it doesn't change the substance itself
Melting
Freezing
Melting is the process by which a solid becomes a liquid
The lowest temperature at which a substance begins to melt is called a melting point
Freezing is the process by which a liquid becomes a solid
The temperature at which a specific liquid becomes a solid is called a freezing point
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Evaporation
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Boiling
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Condensation
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Evaporation is the process by which a liquid becomes a gas
When a solid changes directly to a gas, the process is called sublimation
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*The process by which a gas changes its state to become a liquid is called condensation
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Boiling is another process in which a liquid becomes a gas
Boiling can only occur when the liquid reaches a certain temperature, called the boiling point
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Mixtures can be separated by using the properties of the substances in them
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Properties Used for Identifying Substances
Density
Heating Properties
Solubility
Magnetic Properties
Electric Properties
Identifying Unknown Substances
Measuring properties used for identifying substances
Water Treatment Plants
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A chemical is added that causes the larger particles to stick together
Chlorine is added
The water is run through a series of special molecular filters
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