HEART ANATOMY

surface anatomy

shaped roughly like a cone

consists of four muscular chambers

pumping chambers: ventricles

deliver blood to ventricles: Atria

the apex is formed by the tip of left ventricle

anterior surface: shaped by the right atrium and ventricle

left atrium and ventricle lie more posteriorly

four border

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internal structure

four major valves

direct blood flow - prevent backward leakage

atrioventricular valves (AV) - van nhĩ thất

semilunar valves: van bán nguyệt

tricuspid valve: van 3 lá - stops blood from the returning into the right atrium from right ventricle

mitral valve - van 2 lá - stops blood from the returning into the left atrium from left ventricle

pulmonic valves

aortic valve

separate the ventricle from great arteries

are attached to the fibrous cardiac skeletion

is composed of dense connective tissue

endocardium

a single layer of endothelial celss

lines the surface of heart valves and the interior surface

myocardium

thickest layer of the heart and consists bundles cardiac muscle cells

external to the myocardium

is a layer of connective tissue and adipose tissue through which pass the larger blood vessels and nerves that supply the heart muscle.

epicardium

the outermost layer of the heart

another term for visceral pericardium