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SEMICONDUCTORS Semiconductors are the materials which have a conductivity…
SEMICONDUCTORS Semiconductors are the materials which have a conductivity between conductors (generally metals) and non-conductors or insulators (such as ceramics). Their resistivity falls with increase in temperature.
Extrinsic semiconductors
Extrinsic semiconductors are semiconductors that are doped with specific impurities. The impurity modifies the electrical properties of the semiconductor and makes it more suitable for electronic devices such as diodes and transistors.
P-type semiconductors
When a tetravalent atom such as Si or Ge is doped with a trivalent impurity such as Al, B, In, etc., the dopant atom has one less electron than the surrounding atoms of Si or Ge. Thus in such, holes are created.
P-N junction diodes
A p-n junction diode is two-terminal semiconductor device, which allows the electric current in only one direction while blocks the electric current in opposite or reverse direction.
Rectifiers
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts an Alternating Current (AC) into a Direct Current (DC) by using one or more P-N junction diodes.
Half wave rectifier A type of rectifier which converts half of the AC input signal (positive half cycle) into pulsating DC output signal and the remaining half signal (negative half cycle) is blocked or lost. In half wave rectifier circuit, we use only a single diode.
Full wave rectifier
The full wave rectifier is a type of rectifier which converts the full AC input signal (positive half cycle and negative half cycle) to pulsating DC output signal.
Photodiodes
A photodiode is a semiconductor device with a P-N junction that converts photons (or light) into electrical current.
Transistors
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. Transistors are one of the basic building blocks of modern electronics.
A bipolar junction transistor (bipolar transistor or BJT) is a type of transistor that uses both electrons and holes as charge carriers.
NPN transistors An NPN transistor has a piece of P-type silicon (the base) sandwiched between two pieces of N-type (the collector and emitter).
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Light Emitting Diode
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the form of photons.
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N-type semiconductors
When a tetravalent atom such as Si or Ge is doped with a pentavalent atom, it occupies the position of an atom in the crystal lattice of the Si atom. There free electrons present in such semi conductors.
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P-N junction
A p–n junction is a boundary or interface between two types of semiconductor materials, p-type and n-type, inside a single crystal of semiconductor.
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