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Semi-Conductors - Coggle Diagram
Semi-Conductors
Examples
Germanium
Silicon
Conduct at a certain potential difference (equal or more than forbidden energy gap)
Types
Intrinsic Semi-Conductors (pure)
Fermi Level in center of Valence and Conduction Band
Extrinsic Semi-Conductor (impure)
Fermi Level near Valence Band (P-Type) or Conduction Band (N-Type)
Types of Doping
Adding a Penta-valent Impurity
N-type Semi-conductor is formed
E.g. Boron (B) and Aluminium (Al) etc
Adding a Tri-valent Impurity
P-Type Semi-conductor is formed
E.g. Arsenic (As), Phosphorus (P) and Antimony (Sb) etc
Doping (adding impurity)
P-N junction Diode
n-type semiconductor and p-type semiconductor joined together
Depletion Region
Unidirectional flow of Conventional Current
Biasing
Forward Biasing
+ve terminal attached to P-type and -ve terminal attached to N-type
Reverse Biasing
+ve terminal attached to P-type and -ve terminal attached to N-type
Applying External voltage
Uses
Photodiode
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Transistor
Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
3 terminal Semi-conducting device
PNP transistor
NPN transistor
Uses
Switches
Amplifiers
Regulators and controllers
Rectification
Conversion of AC current to DC current
Half Wave Rectification
Full Wave Rectification
Transistor Characteristic Curve
Saturation Region
Both Junctions are forward Biased
Active Region
Base Collector Junction Reverse bias and Base Emitter Junction Forward Bias
Break Down Region
Extremely High Voltage and Depletion Region Breaks
Cutoff Region
No current is flowing through majority charge carriers
