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Globalisation & Agriculture By Anvi Iyer, 10 Gir - Coggle Diagram
Globalisation & Agriculture
By Anvi Iyer, 10 Gir
At the time of colonisation
19th century (European traders)
Indian spices were exported
It is still a major item of export
Farmers in South India were encouraged to grow these spices
British Period
Cotton was exported to Britain as a raw material for textile industries
Industries in Manchester and Liverpool used India's cotton
Champaran Movement (1917)
Farmers were forced to grow indigo
Why?
It was required by the textile industries of Britain
They were unable to grow foodgrains to sustain their families
After 1990
India is an important producer of a variety of crops
But our products are not able to compete with developed countries
Why?
Because of the highly subsidised agriculture in developed countries
Rice, cotton, rubber, tea, coffee, jute and spices
Today
Proper thrust should be given to the improvement of the condition of the small farmers
Example: Green Revolution
But there are controversies
People believe it has caused land degradation due to overuse of chemicals drying aquifiers and vanishing biodiversity.
Gene Revolution
Includes Genetic Engineering
A powerful supplement in inventing new hybrid varieties of seeds
Organic Farming
Without chemicals
Does not affect environment in a negative manner
Views of economists
Indian farmers have a bleak future if they grow foodgrains on smaller & smaller holdings
In rural areas, a person depends on an average of less than half a hectare
The farmers should diversify their cropping patterns from cereals to high-value crops
Increase in incomes and reduction in environmental degradation
Some crops need more irrigation compared to others like rice, sugarcane, etc.
India's diverse climate can grow a wide range of high value crops