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Can’t Stomach this, include, caused by, E.g., Can be, Can show, in case of…

- - - - generate amonia
      - colonization
      - via
  - - - Neutrophils
  - - - partial cell
        
        HCL secretion
  - - - disrupting tight junctions
      - inducing inflammaation
    - - disrupting tight junctions
      - disrupting mitochondrial function
- - - - Poor defensive factors due to depletion of PGE2 due to the use of NSAIDs
    - - Nausea
      - Hematemesis
      - coffee-ground emesis
      - Melena
      - Epigastric pain
    - - Detection + treatment
        
        Excellent prognosis + Low mortality
      - Absence of diagnosis/ treatment
        
        Complications
        
        Gastric outlet obstruction
        
        Perforation
        
        Hemorrhage
        
        Penetration
  - - - Increased vagal stimulation
        #
  - - - Decreased mucosal perfusion
  - - - Hypotension
- - - - Clarithromycin
      - Amoxicillin
      - PPI
    - - PPI
      - Clarythromycin
      - Metronidazole
    - - Bismuth subsalicylate
      - Metronidazole
      - Tetracycline
      - PPI
    - - PPI + amoxicillin
        
        5 days
      - Followed by PPI + clarythromycin + tinadazole
        
        5 days
  - - - cimetidine
      - ranitidine
  - - - omeprazole
      - esoprazole
      - rabeprazole
  - - - sodium bicarbonate
      - calcium carbonate
        
        chelation with other drugs
      - aluminium hydroxide
        
        constipation
      - magnesium hydroxide
        
        diarrhea
  - - - reduce rate of gastric secretions
- - - - Stimulation of cerebral cortex
        
        Hypothalamus &medulla
        
        Vagus nerve
        
        Stimulate stomach secretions
  - - - Vagovagal reflexes
        
        Medulla
        
        Vagus nerve
    - - Gastrin secretion from G cells
    - - Gastrin secretion decline
  - - - Intestinal gastrin release
    - - Pyloric sphincter
        
        Enterogastric reflex
      - Release of intestinal hormones
        
        Secretin
        
        CCK
- - - - Left gastric artery
      - Splenic artery
        
        Short gastric artery
        
        Left gastroepiploic artery
      - Common hepatic artery
        
        Right gastric artery
        
        Gastroduodenal artery
        
        Right gastroepiploic artery
  - - - Plicae circularis
    - - Celiac trunk
    - - Superior mesenteric a.
- - - - indicator
        
        colour change if positive
        
        due to urease enzyme present
- - - - polyps
        
        Inflammatory and hyperplastic polyps
        
        Gastric adenomas
        
        Fundic gland polyps
      - clinical presentation
        
        Asymptomatic
        
        Very rarely
        
        Epigastric pain
        
        Bleeding
        
        Gastric outlet obstruction
    - - adenocarcinoma
        
        intestinal
        
        heaped up margins
        
        large irregular ulcer
        
        diffuse
        
        linitis plastica
        
        signet ring cells
      - clinical presentation
        
        Weight loss
        
        Abdominal pain
        
        Early satiety
        
        Leser-Trelat sign
        
        acanthosis nigricans
- - - - RUB
      - Culture
      - Histology
    - - SAt
      - Serology
      - Urea Breath Test #
      - CBC