CHALLENGE TO LINGUISTIC EQUIVALENCE THEORY

EQUIVALENCE

IS SIMPLY ASSUMED

HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH

LANGUAGE

TRANSLATION

WHAT MATTERS IS

WHAT PEOPLE THINK A TRANSLATION IS

GUTT

WHEN PEOPLE RECEIVE A TEXT AS A TRANSLATION THEY EXPECT IT IS EQUIVALENT TO A ST

2 TYPES OF TRANSLATION

OVERT

COVERED

RECEIVED FROM THE PUBLIC AS TRANSLATIONS

THE PUBLIC RECOGNIZE THEM AS A TRANSLATION

ADAPTED MATERIAL FOR A NEW AUDIENCE

BUT THE AUDIENCE DOESN'T CARE OR KNOW THAT IT IS A TRANSLATION

EX. I BUY A BOOK BY NABOKOV AND I CAN'T READ RUSSIAN SO I KNOW THAT I'M BUYING A TRANSLATION

EX. I WATCH A SPOT ABOUT A PRODUCT THAT IS MADE BY A GERMAN COMPANY, BUT I DON'T CARE WHETHER IT IS TRANSLATED OR NOT

CAN BE

DIRECT

INDIRECT

CAN BE MADE WITHOUT REFERRING TO THE CONTEXT

REFERS TO THE SPECIFIC CONTEXT IN WHICH THEY ARE IN

EX. LATIN VERSION DONE IN HIGH SCHOOL

I CAN TRANSLATE A PORTION OF TEXT IN ISOLATION

IDEA THAT COME TO GRICE ON IMPLICATURE

SOMETIMES WHAT YOU SAY IS NOT WHAT YOU MEAN, SOMETIMES IT MEANS SOMETHING ELSE

THE CONTEXT MAKES THE MEANING DIFFERENT

IT IS THE BEST CHOICE, BUT WE DON'T HAVE TO OVER INTERPRETE THE TEXT, IT IS THE READER RESPONSIBILITY TO MAKE UP FOR SUCH DIFFERENCE

TRANSLATION THEORY

SI GUARDA ALLA TRANSLATION COME PRODOTTO

FOCUS OF INTEREST

IDEA OF THE FUNCTION OF THE TEXT

I START CONSIDERING THE TEXT AS AN AUTONOMOUS ENTITY

THEORIES

SKOPOS THEORY

THEY FOCUS ON PURPOSE

EACH TEXT HAS

PURPOSE

AIM IN COMMUNICATION

I HAVE TO FOLLOW THEM WHEN I TRANSLATE THIS IDEA

ACCORDING KATHARINA REISS IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THE PURPOSE OF A TEXT

YOU NEED TO DO A TEXTUAL ANALYSIS

IF YOU HAVE DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEXT YOU NEED DIFFERENT KINDS OF TRANSLATION

SHE IDENTIFIES 4 TYPES OF TEXT

EXPRESSIVE

OPERATIVE

INFORMATIVE

AUDIO MEDIAL

TEXTS WHOSE AIM IS COMMUNICATING FACTS

EX. TOURIST GUIDE

CREATIVE COMPOSITION IN WHICH EXPRESSION IS IMPORTANT

EX. A POEM

THE TEXTS THAT PERSUADE THE READER TO OPERATE IN A CERTAIN WAY

FILMS, VISUAL TEXTS

CRITERIA TO PRODUCE A GOOD TRANSLATION

INTRALINGUISTIC

EXTRALINGUISTIC

I NEED TO TAKE CARE OF ASPECTS THAT ARE PART OF LANGUAGE

FIELD OF SUBJECT

EX. LINGUISTIC ELEMENT

WHO SENDS THE MESSAGE, WHO RECEIVES IT

N.B. THE TRANSLATION OF THE SAME TEXT CAN CHANGE IF THE AIM OF THE TT CHANGES

I CONSIDER ONLY THE PURPOSE OF THE TEXT

THIS IS THE SKOPOS THEORY THAT IS DEVELOPED BY

REISS

VERMEER

MANTTARI

DURING THIS PERIOD THE TRANSLATORS WERE CONSIDERED PROFESSIONALS

THE WORK OF TRANSLATOR DEPENDS ON THE AIM OF THE TEXT

THE COMMISSIONERS ARE AS IMPORTANT AS THE TRANSLATION BECAUSE THEY DECIDE IN WHICH DIRECTION THE TEXT WILL GO

PUBLIC

THIS THEORY MAKES YOU THINK ABOUT THE FINAL AIM OF THE TEXT

THE FOCUS IS ON

TARGET TEXT

CONTEXT

IT IS NOT A PRESCRIPTIVE THEORY

BECAUSE TRANSLATIONS ARE PROJECTS

REALIZED BY A GROUP OF PEOPLE IN WHICH THE TRANSLATOR IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ONE IN THE CHAIN