CHALLENGE TO LINGUISTIC EQUIVALENCE THEORY
EQUIVALENCE
IS SIMPLY ASSUMED
HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH
LANGUAGE
TRANSLATION
WHAT MATTERS IS
WHAT PEOPLE THINK A TRANSLATION IS
GUTT
WHEN PEOPLE RECEIVE A TEXT AS A TRANSLATION THEY EXPECT IT IS EQUIVALENT TO A ST
2 TYPES OF TRANSLATION
OVERT
COVERED
RECEIVED FROM THE PUBLIC AS TRANSLATIONS
THE PUBLIC RECOGNIZE THEM AS A TRANSLATION
ADAPTED MATERIAL FOR A NEW AUDIENCE
BUT THE AUDIENCE DOESN'T CARE OR KNOW THAT IT IS A TRANSLATION
EX. I BUY A BOOK BY NABOKOV AND I CAN'T READ RUSSIAN SO I KNOW THAT I'M BUYING A TRANSLATION
EX. I WATCH A SPOT ABOUT A PRODUCT THAT IS MADE BY A GERMAN COMPANY, BUT I DON'T CARE WHETHER IT IS TRANSLATED OR NOT
CAN BE
DIRECT
INDIRECT
CAN BE MADE WITHOUT REFERRING TO THE CONTEXT
REFERS TO THE SPECIFIC CONTEXT IN WHICH THEY ARE IN
EX. LATIN VERSION DONE IN HIGH SCHOOL
I CAN TRANSLATE A PORTION OF TEXT IN ISOLATION
IDEA THAT COME TO GRICE ON IMPLICATURE
SOMETIMES WHAT YOU SAY IS NOT WHAT YOU MEAN, SOMETIMES IT MEANS SOMETHING ELSE
THE CONTEXT MAKES THE MEANING DIFFERENT
IT IS THE BEST CHOICE, BUT WE DON'T HAVE TO OVER INTERPRETE THE TEXT, IT IS THE READER RESPONSIBILITY TO MAKE UP FOR SUCH DIFFERENCE
TRANSLATION THEORY
SI GUARDA ALLA TRANSLATION COME PRODOTTO
FOCUS OF INTEREST
IDEA OF THE FUNCTION OF THE TEXT
I START CONSIDERING THE TEXT AS AN AUTONOMOUS ENTITY
THEORIES
SKOPOS THEORY
THEY FOCUS ON PURPOSE
EACH TEXT HAS
PURPOSE
AIM IN COMMUNICATION
I HAVE TO FOLLOW THEM WHEN I TRANSLATE THIS IDEA
ACCORDING KATHARINA REISS IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THE PURPOSE OF A TEXT
YOU NEED TO DO A TEXTUAL ANALYSIS
IF YOU HAVE DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEXT YOU NEED DIFFERENT KINDS OF TRANSLATION
SHE IDENTIFIES 4 TYPES OF TEXT
EXPRESSIVE
OPERATIVE
INFORMATIVE
AUDIO MEDIAL
TEXTS WHOSE AIM IS COMMUNICATING FACTS
EX. TOURIST GUIDE
CREATIVE COMPOSITION IN WHICH EXPRESSION IS IMPORTANT
EX. A POEM
THE TEXTS THAT PERSUADE THE READER TO OPERATE IN A CERTAIN WAY
FILMS, VISUAL TEXTS
CRITERIA TO PRODUCE A GOOD TRANSLATION
INTRALINGUISTIC
EXTRALINGUISTIC
I NEED TO TAKE CARE OF ASPECTS THAT ARE PART OF LANGUAGE
FIELD OF SUBJECT
EX. LINGUISTIC ELEMENT
WHO SENDS THE MESSAGE, WHO RECEIVES IT
N.B. THE TRANSLATION OF THE SAME TEXT CAN CHANGE IF THE AIM OF THE TT CHANGES
I CONSIDER ONLY THE PURPOSE OF THE TEXT
THIS IS THE SKOPOS THEORY THAT IS DEVELOPED BY
REISS
VERMEER
MANTTARI
DURING THIS PERIOD THE TRANSLATORS WERE CONSIDERED PROFESSIONALS
THE WORK OF TRANSLATOR DEPENDS ON THE AIM OF THE TEXT
THE COMMISSIONERS ARE AS IMPORTANT AS THE TRANSLATION BECAUSE THEY DECIDE IN WHICH DIRECTION THE TEXT WILL GO
PUBLIC
THIS THEORY MAKES YOU THINK ABOUT THE FINAL AIM OF THE TEXT
THE FOCUS IS ON
TARGET TEXT
CONTEXT
IT IS NOT A PRESCRIPTIVE THEORY
BECAUSE TRANSLATIONS ARE PROJECTS
REALIZED BY A GROUP OF PEOPLE IN WHICH THE TRANSLATOR IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ONE IN THE CHAIN