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Theories - Coggle Diagram
Theories
socio-cultural perspective
mental functioning
mastery
internalization
social interactions within one’s cultural environment
L. S. Vygotsky
learning
exchange of knowledge between individuals
accomplished
through
psychological tools
culture or social group
verbal language and written texts
Zone of Proximal Development
psychological difference
cognitive level
potential cognitive level
implications for education
homogeneous group
less diversity of thought is shared
heterogeneous
group
greater diversity of shared ideas
provides wider and more diverse perspectives
learning environments
structured to foster social
interaction
expands knowledge
scaffolding
types
Modeling
explaining
listening
focus on
cognitive and
motivational
learning
social brains (Mercer, 2013)
evolves by
psychological
tools
collaborative
learning
individual intellectual/
learning development
three ways
appropriation
students can
absorb
information
observing others
during
joint activities
1 more item...
learn
strategies
doesn´t induce
self-reflection
metacognition
co-construction
include
dialogue
productive
argumentation
of ideas
construction of new ideas
completing academic
task strategies
more generalizable / transferable
transformation
most complex
co-constructive interpersonal
communication
transform
nature subsequent
individual reasoning
socio-cognitive perspective
Bandura (1989)
learning through observing and interacting with others
triadic reciprocal
influence of
environment
physical setting
ex: classroom
elements of the
environment
ex: teachers and comments
observational learning
based on four processes
attention
retention
reproduction
motivation
occurs when the observer has
a reason to attend
personal
characteristics
cognitive/ affective
characteristics
ex: motivational levels
behavior
observable
performances
of the individual
ex: academic performance
models individuals focus
their attention on
mastery model
expertise and skill (teachers)
college students
less attentive to mastery
models in required general
education courses :red_cross:
appreciate mastery
models within their
majors :check:
coping model
students attend because they share similar characteristics.
Shared characteristics
academic ability, age, major, or gender
tend to be peers
Tutors =good coping models