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Mappable Data, Escuela Politécnica Nacional :, Francis Soria, Referencia:…
Mappable Data
Individual and Aggregate
Phenomena are all the stuff in the real world. Data are records of observations of phenomena.
Maps show us data, not phenomena.
A map of individual trees smacked flat by a tornado in a forest. The phenomena are trees, and the data – individually mapped by orienteers – retain this individuality.
An old map shows the range of the pin oak tree in the U.S. The phenomena are not trees but the range of a species, and the data – aggregated from other maps – embody this abstraction.
A map of major vegetation zones in the eastern U.S. The area labeled “D” is broadleaf deciduous forest. The adjacent “M” is mixed broadleaf and needleleaf forest.
Transforming Data
Densities
The number of some phenomenon per unit area. Divide the number of people in a country by the square area of the country.
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Averages
Add all values together and divide by the number of values in the data set. Can be associated with points, lines, and areas.
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Symbolization: Variation in point size or line width. Variation in color lightness and darkness in areas.
Total Numbers
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Symbolization: Variation in point size or line width. Represent whole numbers in areas with a scaled symbol for each area.
The total number of some phenomenon
associated with a point, line, or area.
Rates
The number of some phenomenon per unit time. May be associated with points, lines, or areas.
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Symbolization: Variation in point size or line width. Variation in color lightness or darkness in areas.
Digital Data
Copyright
Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of a country to the creators of original works. Intended to reasonably compensate them for their efforts, it was originally of limited duration and included exceptions such as the fair use doctrine.
Copyleft
Copyleft refers to an array of licensing options encouraging reuse, reproduction, distribution of, and modifications to creative works within certain parameters.
Metadata
Metadata are data about data. Dependable digital geographic data include such detailed information as
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Public Domain
Creative works and content neither owned nor controlled by anyone are said to be in the public domain. Public domain works may be used by anyone for any purpose without restriction.
Continuous and Discrete
Discrete phenomena change abruptly, like laws from one jurisdiction to another.
There is no necessary relationship between phenomena and data, as it’s possible to have many kinds of data for any given phenomenon.
Continuous phenomena vary gradually, continuously, more or less smoothly. Good examples are atmospheric pressure and temperature.
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Data Organization
Qualitative
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Symbolization: shown with symbols, pictographs, or icons; or with differences in color hue (red, green, blue), as such colors are different in kind, like the data.
Quantitative
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Estimated number of same-sex couples, living
together, in the U.S. (by county)
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Differences in amount: includes ordinal,
interval, and ratio data.
Symbolization: shown with differences in color value (dark red, red, light red), as such colors suggest more and less, like the data.
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Referencia: [1] PhD, K. J., & PhD, W. D. (2011). Making Maps, Second Edition: A Visual Guide to Map Design for GIS (2nd ed.). Guilford Publications.