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Religions of the World, Jainism, : ) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Who was Buddha
    - - Didn't leave home until 29 years old
      - Saw an old man, then a corpse, then a sick man, and wandering holy man
        
        Saw these men as a message saying that every living thing experiences old age, sickness, and death, and the only way out was religion
      - Decided to spend his life searching for religious truth and to end suffering
        
        Wandered through forests in India for 6 years
        
        Fasted, only ate 6 grains of rice per day
        
        Meditated for 49 days, finally understood the pain in the world
  - - - Four main ideas, called the Four Noble Truth
      - The Eightfold Path is the guide for behavior
        
        Following the Eightfold Path you can reach nirvana, the Buddha's word for release from selfishness and pain
      - Why is the Eightfold Path called the Middle Way
        
        The Noble Eightfold Path is the right way to do everything in your life, this is why its called the middle way
      - Accepted the ideas of reincarnation and a cycle of the world getting destroyed and rebuilt
      - Rejected the many gods of Hinduism
    - - The 5 disciples to hear the first sermon were the first monks admitted to the sangha, otherwise known as Buddhist religious order
        
        The sangha was a community of Buddhist monks and nuns
        
        The sangha eventually included the whole community, including the laity (individuals who hadn't devoted their entire life to the religion)
      - The religious community along with the Buddha and the dharma (Buddhist doctrine or teachings) make up the Three Jewels of Buddhism :
    - - Why would Buddhism appeal to laborers and craftspeople?
        
        Because of the rejection of the caste system (a class system determined by birth)
        
        Caste System
      - Reluctant to admitting women, feared they would distract the men from their religious journeys
      - Monks and nuns took vows to live a life of poverty, nonviolence and to never marry.
      - During the rainy season, they went into caves high up the hillside
        
        Gradually, the retreats became permanent monasteries
        
        One monastery turned into a prestigious university that attracted non-Buddhists
        
        Nalanda
      - The teachings of the Buddha were written down after his death
        
        Buddhist literature also includes the rules about monastatic life, meditation manuals, and legends about the Buddha's previous reincarnations.
  - - - Absorbed by Hinduism
      - Important place of pilgrimages for Buddhists
        
        Visit places associated with the Buddha's life
      - Worship
        
        Circle around important places and move in a clockwise rotation around the object
        
        Lie face down on the ground as a sign of humility and leave flowers
    - - Three traditions formed after the Buddha's death
        
        Theravada
        
        Way of the Elders
        
        Based on oldest Buddhist writing
        
        Best way to attain nirvana is by becoming a monk or nun and spend all their time in meditation and find your own path to enlightenment
        
        Mahayana
        
        Teaches that we can work together to
        achieve enlightenment
        
        Text from after the Buddha's life
        
        Not necessary to become a monk or nun
        
        Help is provided by bodhisattvas
        
        People who have remained on Earth to help others get nirvana
        
        Bodhisattvas
        
        Tibetan
        
        Teaches many of the same things as Mahayana
        
        In addition to teaching special techniques to achieve
        nirvana in a single lifetime
      - Trade and the Spread of Buddhism
        
        Why is there a link between trade and religion?
        
        There is a huge link between trade and religion because as goods are traded so is word, merchants talk to their customers and eventually ideas start to spread
        
        Buddhism traveled along the Silk Roads, all the way to China
        
        As Buddhism spread, it continued to change and develop and the three branches of Buddhism formed
- - - - This was due to a drought in Canaan.
        
        After migrating the Israelites were given places of honor in the Kingdom, however they were forced into slavery.
        
        The Exodus was something the Jews called an event, they remember it every year during festival of Passover.
        
        Moses was the one Torah said led the Israelites out of slavery.
        
        When traveling across the Sinai Peninsula, Moses climbed to the top of the mountain and prayed.
        
        When Moses came down he brought down two stone tablets which God had written the 10 commandments on.
        
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        Moses climbing the mountain
        
        Consequence: After migrating and getting places in the kingdom, it ended going into slavery.
      - There was a threat of famine during the drought.
    - - Canaan was in the middle of the migration of Abraham, but also near the route that the Isralist took to leave Egypt. This was good for them because they were right next to the trading routes. This also spreaded Judaism.
    - - They had to adapt to new technology to neighboring people in Canaan.
        
        When they arrived back they were separated into 12 tribes, they were self-governing.
        
        In times of an emergency, the Hebrew bible tells that God would raise up judges.
        
        Deborah, who was a popular judge, was the "mother of Israel" at the time.
        
        How would you compare the roles of judges and prophets in Israelite society?
        
        Judges were chosen by God, and God would raise them up to unite, provide military leadership during a problem. However the prophets are religious teachers that interpreted the code of laws, taught to worship God and be at peace with others.
        
        12 Tribes
      - Change: They had to adapt to something new, they weren't used to it.
  - - - In the Torah, God had chose Abraham to be the "father" of the Jewish people.
        
        Abraham promised to obey God in return for protection for his people.
        
        The Hebrew Bible said the Canaan was the land that God had promised the Israelites.
        
        The book of Genesis tells Abraham that God commands to move his people to Canaan.
        
        Abraham and his family migrated for many years.
        
        Each group worshiped God differently in specific locations.
        
        Identity: They do things based on how they live their life.
        
        The Israelites were monotheist, but many were polytheists.
        
        Monotheism: Belief of only one God.
        
        How might their monotheism have caused problems for the Israelites?
        
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        More about the Torah
        
        This promise was called a covenant: A mutual agreement between God and the founder of the Jewish people.
    - - Early history of the Israelites is in the Torah.
        
        Christians also respected the Torah as apart of the old testament.
        
        Judaism also focuses mostly on sculptures and sacred writing.
      - In what ways were the Torah and the Vedas similar?
        
        The Torah is the first five books in the Hebrew Bible. The Vedas were sacred literature that taught prayers, teachings, and rituals.
      - More about the Torah
  - - - The judges put together the tribes for a united military effort.
        
        Israelites united under three kings, Saul, David, and Solomon.
        
        Solomon built a trading empire and a temple to glorify god.
        
        The building caused high finances, so men were sent 1 out of every 3 months to work on them.
        
        After awhile the kingdom divided into two parts, Israel was in the north and Judah was in the south.
        
        The Israelites became Jews, and their religion Judaism.
        
        How did the split in the Kingdom of Israel affect each part of the kingdom?
        
        The Israelites were a lot weaker than the southern side. It ended up getting conquered right away by the Assyrians, whereas it was stronger than the northern side of the kingdom because it didn’t get conquered until 150 years later.
        
        Consequence: By building a build building led into big finances.
        
        Solomon
        
        Solomon was the most powerful of the tree.
        
        a. How were the roles of Saul and David similar and different in establishing the kingdom of Israel?
        
        Saul was good at driving out the Philistines out of the central hills. David united the tribes, established Jerusalem as the capital, and had found a dynasty.
  - - - By paying money they hoped Assyrian Empire would not attack.
        
        After awhile the whole northern kingdom was now the Assyrians due to attacking assault.
        
        Judah had now resisted for another 150 years before it was destroyed.
        
        Babylons were taking over lots of places.
        
        Solomons temple had been destroyed while everything happening.
        
        The Babylon was captured by King Cyrus.
        
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        Babyons taking over
        
        Conflict: They were trying to pay off so they wouldn't of got attacked, but they ended up getting attacked anyway.
    - - To show dominance and to show how much power they have over the weaker state. Since the bigger state knew that they could easily conquer the weaker state, they would take the money from the weaker state for their own benefit.
- - - - Born in Bethlehem between 4 - 6 BC.
      - At the age of 30 he began preaching.
        
        How were Jesus’ teachings at odds with Roman values and religious ideas?
        
        Jesus taught monotheism which was against common Roman religion. Furthermore, he taught that all people are equal, which didn't appeal to Roman authority.
      - According to the Gospels, Jesus had performed many miracles.
      - https://youtu.be/EJF18yvTF6g
    - - Some of the Gospels were written by some of Jesus' 12 disciples.
      - Jesus attracted many crowds of people as he traveled from town to town.
      - Why might the Romans have felt threatened by Jesus?
        
        Jesus was gaining a lot of popularity and he would go against the Roman's religious practices.
    - - Jesus was crucified.
      - According to the Gospels, Jesus began appearing to his followers three days after his death.
      - The Roman governor, Pilate, accused Jesus of defying the authority of Rome.
  - - - Paul was a Jew who had never met Jesus, and was originally opposed to Christianity.
      - Why was the apostle Paul so important to the spread of Christianity?
        
        He spent the rest of his life traveling and spreading Jesus's teachings.
        
        The Pax Romana provided ideal conditions for Christianity to spread due to common languages such as Latin and Greek.
        
        Why do you think Christian persecution rose as the Pax Romana crumbled?
        
        Christians probably became more scattered and less congregated as the Pax Romana crumbled, making them more vulnerable.
      - He reportedly had a vision of Christ while traveling.
    - - Christians refused to worship Roman Gods.
        
        Romans saw this as opposition to Roman rule.
        
        Roman leaders would exile, imprison, or execute Christians.
  - - - Constantine credited his success in the battles to become the new Roman leader in 312 AD to his belief in Christianity.
    - - There were many hierarchies in Roman society, therefore Bishops were assigned to each major city to overlook all churches within them.
        
        These Bishops later claimed to be the hiers of Peter, saying Peter was the first Pope.
      - The Pope was the head of all churches and resided in the church in Rome, the capital.
      - Explain how establishing a church structure helped Christianity spread?
        
        At this point the Roman government not only allowed Christianity, but endorsed it by funding churches in towns where people may not know of Christianity, as well as assigning officials to overlook them.
    - - As Christianity grew, disagreements developed among its followers.
        
        Church leaders established one standard belief and compiled it in the New Testament.
        
        Why do you think church leaders could not agree about the new religion?
        
        Christianity was still very new and there wasn't really a single commonly agreed upon standard at this point.
      - In 325, Constantine called church leaders to Nicaea, where they wrote the Nicene Creed to define the church's basic beliefs.
    - - They were early writers and scholars.
        
        One of the more influential ones, Augustine, claimed that Christians needed to attend Church to be saved.
    - - Christianity appealed to many people because it embrace all people, gave hope to the powerless, offered a personal relationship with God, and promised eternal life after death.
- - - - Hinduism started between 750 and 550 BC